The Book of Jubilees is in certain limited aspects the most important book in this volume for the student of religion. Without it we could of course have inferred from Ezra and Nehemiah, the Priests' Code, and the later chapters of Zechariah the supreme position that the law had achieved in Judaism, but without Jubilees we could hardly have imagined such an absolute supremacy as finds expression in this book. This absolute supremacy of the law carried with it, as we have seen in the General Introduction, the suppression of prophecy -at all events of the open exercise of the prophetic gifts. And yet these gifts persisted during all the so-called centuries of silence-from Malachi down to N.T. times, but owing to the fatal incubus of the law these gifts could not find expression save in pseudepigraphic literature. Thus Jubilees represents the triumph of the movement, which had been at work for the past three centuries or more.
And yet this most triumphant manifesto of legalism contained within its pages the element that was destined to dispute its supremacy and finally to reduce the law to the wholly secondary position that alone it could rightly claim. This element of course is apocalyptic, which was the source of the higher theology in Judaism, and subsequently was the parent of Christianity, wherein apocalyptic ceased to be pseudonymous and became one with prophecy.
The Book of Jubilees was written in Hebrew by a Pharisee between the year of the accession of Hyrcanus to the high priesthood in 135 and his breach with the Pharisees some years before his death in 105 B.C. It is the most advanced pre-Christian representative of the midrashic tendency, which has already been at work in the Old Testament Chronicles. As the Chronicler had rewritten the history of Israel and Judah from the basis of the Priests' Code, so our author re-edited from the Pharisaic standpoint of his time the history of events from the creation to the publication, or, according to the author's view, the republication of the law on Sinai. In the course of re-editing he incorporated a large body of traditional lore, which the midrashic process had put at his disposal, and also not a few fresh legal enactments that the exigencies of the past had called forth. His work constitutes an enlarged Targum on Genesis and Exodus, in which difficulties in the biblical narrative are solved, gaps supplied, dogmatically offensive elements removed, and the genuine spirit of later Judaism infused into the primitive history of the world. His object was to defend Judaism against the attacks of the hellenistic spirit that had been in the ascendant one generation earlier and was still powerful, and to prove that the law was of everlasting validity. From our author's contentions and his embittered attacks on the paganisers and apostates, we may infer that Hellenism had urged that the levitical ordinances of the law were only of transitory significance, that they had not been observed by the founders of the nation, and that the time had now come for them to be swept away, and for Israel to take its place in the brotherhood of the nations. Our author regarded all such views as fatal to the very existence of Jewish religion and nationality. But it is not as such that he assailed them, but on the ground of their falsehood. The law, he teaches, is of everlasting validity. Though revealed in time it was superior to time. Before it had been made known in gundry portions to the fathers it had been kept in heaven by the angels, and to its observance henceforward there was no limit in time or in eternity.
Writing in the palmiest days of the Maccabean dominion,in the high-priesthood of John Hyrcanus, looked for the immediate advent of the Messianic kingdom. This kingdom was to be ruled over by a Messiah sprung, not from Levi -that is, from the Maccabean family, as some of his contemporaries expected- but from Judah. This kingdom would be gradually realized on earth, and the transformation of physical nature would go hand in hand with the ethical transformation of man till there was a new heaven and a new earth. Thus, finally, all sin and pain would disappear and men would live to the age of 1,000 years in happiness and peace, and after death enjoy a blessed immortality in the spirit world.
2. VARIOUS TITLES OF THE BOOK.
Our book was known by two distinct titles even in Hebrew. (a) Jubilees
(b) The Little Genesis
(c) Apocalypse of Moses and other alleged names of the book.
(a) Jubilees. This appears from Epiphanius (Haer. xxxix. 6) to have been its usual designation. It is found also in the Syriac Fragment entitled 'Names of the Wives of the Patriarchs according to the Hebrew Book of Jubilees,' first published by Ceriani, Mon. sacra et profana, ii. 1.9-10, and reprinted by the present writer in his edition of The Ethiopic Version of the Hebrew Book of Jubilees. This name admirably describes the book, as it divides into jubilee periods of forty-nine years each the history of the world from the creation to the legislation on Sinai. The writer pursues a perfectly symmetrical development of the heptadic system. Israel enters Canaan at the close of the fiftieth jubilee, i.e. 2450.
(b) The Little Genesis. The epithet 'little' does not refer to the extent of the book, for it is larger than the canonical Genesis, but to its character. It deals more fully with details than the biblical work. The Hebrew title was variously rendered in Greek. 1 [(Gk.) he lepte Genesis (or Lepte Genesis)] as in Epiphanius, Syncellus, Zonaras, Glycas. 2 [(Gk.) he Leptogenesis] in Didymus of Alexandria and in Latin writers, as we may infer from the Decree of Gelasius. 3 [Gk.) ta lepta geneseos] in Syncellus. 4 [(Gk.) Mikrogenesis] in Jerome, who was acquainted with the Hebrew original.
(c) 1 The Apocalypse of Moses.
2 The Testament of Moses.
3 The Book of Adam's Daughters.
4 The Life of Adam.
1 The Apocalypse of Moses. This title had some currency in the time of Synceflus (see i. 5, 49). It forms an appropriate designation since it makes Moses the recipient of all the disclosures in the book. 2 The Testament of Moses. This title is found in the Catena of Nicephorus, i. 175, where it precedes a quotation from x. 21 of our book. It has, however, nothing to do with the Testament of Moses, which has become universally known under the wrong title -the Assumption of Moses. Ronsch and other scholars formerly sought to identify Jubilees with this second Testament of Moses, but this identification is shown to be impossible by the fact that in the Stichometry of Nicephorus 4,300 stichoi are assigned to Jubilees and only 1100 to this Testament of Moses. On the probability of a Testament of Moses having been in circulation -which was in reality an expansion of Jubilees ii-iii see my edition of Jubilees, p. xviii. 3 The Book of Adam's Daughters. This book is identified with Jubilees in the Decree of Gelasius, but it probably consisted merely of certain excerpts from Jubilees dealing with the names and histories of the women mentioned in it. Such a collection, as we have already seen, exists in Syriac, and its Greek prototype was used by the scribe of the LXX MS. no.135 in Holmes and Parsons' edition. 4 The Life of Adam. This title is found in Syncellus i. 7-9. It seems to have been an enlarged edition of the portion of Jubilees, which dealt with the life of Adam.
3. THE ETHIOPIC MSS.
There are four Ethiopic MSS., a b c d, the first and fourth of which belong to the National Library in Paris, the second to the British Museum, and the third to the University Library at Tubingen. Of these a b (of the fifteenth and sixteenth century respectively) are the most trustworthy, though they cannot be followed exclusively. In a, furthermore, the readings of the Ethiopic version of Genesis have replaced the original against bed in iii. 4, 6, 7, 19, 29; iv. 4, 8, &c. For a full description of these MSS. the reader can consult Charles's Ethiopic Version of the Hebrew Book of Jubilees, pp. xii seqq.
4. THE ANCIENT VERSIONS-GREEK, ETHIOPIC, LATIN, SYRIAC.
(a) The Greek Version is lost save for some fragments which survive in Epiphanius [(Gk.) peri Metron kai Stathmon] (ed. Dindorf, vol. iv. 27-8). This fragment, which consists of ii. 2-21, is published with critical notes in Charles's edition of the Ethiopic text. Other fragments of this version are preserved in Justin Martyr, Origen, Diodorus of Antioch, Isidore of Alexandria, Isidore of Seville, Eutychius, Patriarch of Alexandria, John of Malala, Syncellus, Cedrenus. Syncellus attributes to the Canonical Genesis statements derived from our text. This version is the parent of the Ethiopic and Latin Versions.
(b) The Ethiopic Version. This version is most accurate and trustworthy and indeed as a rule servilely literal. It has, of course, suffered from the corruptions naturally incident to transmission through MSS. Thus dittographies are frequent and lacunae are of occasional occurrence, but the version is singularly free from the glosses and corrections of unscrupulous scribes, though the temptation must have been great to bring it into accord with the Ethiopic version of Genesis. To this source, indeed, we must trace a few perversions of the text: 'my wife' in iii. 6 instead of 'wife'; xv 12; xvii. 12 ('her bottle' instead of 'the bottle'); xxiv. 19 (where the words 'a well' are not found in the Latin version of Jubilees, nor in the Mass., Sam., LXX, Syr., and Vulg. of Gen. xxvi. 19). In the above passages the whole version is influenced, but in a much greater degree has this influence operated on MS. a. Thus in iii. 4, 6, 7, 19, 29, iv. 4, 8, v.3, vi. 9, &c., the readings of the Ethiopic version of Genesis have replaced the original text. In the case of b there appears to be only one instance of this nature in xv. 15 (see Charles's Text, pp. xii seqq.).
For instances of corruption native to this version, see Charles on ii. 2, 7, 21, vi. 21, vii. 22, x. 6, 21, xvi. 18, xxiv. 20, 29, xxxi. 2, xxxix. 4, xli. 15, xlv. 4, xlviii. 6.
(c) The Latin Version. This version, of which about one-fourth has been preserved, was first published by Ceriani in his Monnmenta sacra et profana, 1861, tom. i. fase. i. 15-62. It contains the following sections: xiii. 10b-21; xv. 20b-31a; xvi. 5b-xvii. 6a; xviii. 10b-xix. 25; xx. 5b-xxi. 10a; xxii. 2-19a; xxiii. 8b-23a; xxiv. 13-xxv. 1a; xxvi. 8b-23a; xxvii. 11b-24a; xxviii. 16b-27a; xxix. 8b-xxxi. 1a; xxxi. 9b-1 8, 29b-32; xxxii. 1-8a, 18b-xxxiii. 9a, 18b-xxxiv. 5a; xxxv. 3b-12a; xxxvi. 20b-xxxvii. 5a; xxxviii. 1b-16a; xxxix. 9-xl. 8a; xli. 6b-18; xlii. 2b-14a; xlv. 8-xlvi. 1, 12-xlviii. 5; xlix. 7b-22. This version was next edited by Ronsch in 1874, Das Buch der Fubilaen . . . unter Befugung des revidirten Textes der . . . lateinisehen Fragmente. This work attests enormous industry and great learning, but is deficient in judgement and critical acumen. Ronsch was of opinion that this Latin version was made in Egypt or its neighbourhood by a Palestinian Jew about the middle of the fifth century (pp.459-60). In 1895 Charles edited this text afresh in conjunction with the Ethiopic in the Oxford Anecdota (The Ethiopic Version of the Hebrew Book of Jubilees). To this work and that of Ronsch above the reader must be referred for a fuller treatment of this subject. Here we may draw attention to the following points. This version, where it is preserved, is almost of equal value with the Ethiopic. It has, however, suffered more at the hands of correctors. Thus it has been corrected in conformity with the LXX in xlvi. 14, where it adds 'et Oon' against all other authorities. The Ethiopic version of Exod. i. 11 might have been expected to bring about this addition in our Ethiopic text, but it did not. Two similar instances will be found in xvii. 5, xxiv. 20. Again the Latin version seems to have been influenced by the Vulgate in xxix. 13. xlii. II (canos meos where our Ethiopic text = [(Gk.) mou to geras] as in LXX of Gen. xlii. 38); and probably also in xlvii. 7, 8, and certainly in xlv. 12, where it reads 'in tota terra' for 'in terra'. Of course there is the possibility that the Latin has reproduced faithfully the Greek and that the Greek was faulty; or in case it was correct, that it was the Greek presupposed by our Ethiopic version that was at fault.
Two other passages are deserving of attention, xix. 14 and xxxix. 13. In the former the Latin version 'et creverunt et iuvenes facti sunt' agrees with the Ethiopic version of Gen. xxv. 27 against the Ethiopic version of Jubilees and all other authorities on Gen. xxv. 27. Here the peculiar reading can be best explained as having originated in the Greek. In the second passage, the clause 'eorum quae fiebant in carcere' agrees with the Ethiopic version of Gen. xxxix. 23 against the Ethiopic version of Jubilees and all other authorities on Gen. xxxix. 23. On the other hand, there is a large array of passages in which the Latin version preserves the true text over against corruptions or omissions in the Ethiopic version: cf. xvi. 16, xix. 5, 10, 11, xx. 6, 10, xxi. 3, xxii. 3, &c. (see my Text, p. xvi).
(d) The Syriac Version. The evidence as to the existence of a Syriac is not conclusive. It is based on the fact that a British Museum MS. (Add. 12154, fol. 180) contains a Syriac fragment entitled, Names of the Wives of the Patriarchs according to the Hebrew Book called Jubilees.' It was first published by Ceriani in his Monumeitta Sacra, 1861, torn. ii. fasc. i. 9-10, and reprinted by Charles as Appendix III to his Text of Jubilees (p. 183).
5. THE ETHIOPIC AND LATIN VERSIONS-TRANSLATIONS FROM THE GREEK.
Like all the biblical literature in Ethiopic, Jubilees was translated into Ethiopic from the Greek. Greek words such as [drus, balanos, lips, schinos, pharaggs, &c., are transliterated into Ethiopic. Secondly, many passages must be retranslated into Greek before we can discover the source of their corruptions. And finally, many names are transliterated as they appear in Greek and not in Hebrew.
That the Latin is derived directly from the Greek is no less obvious. Thus in xxxix. 12 [(Lt.) timoris = (Gk.) deilias], a corruption of douleias; in xxxviii. 13 [(Lt.) honorem = (Gk.) timen], which should have been rendered by (Lt.) tributum. Another class of mistranslations may be seen in passages where the Greek article is rendered by the Latin demonstrative as in (Lt.) huius Abrahae xxix. i6, huic Istrael xxxi. 15. Other evidence pointing in the same direction is to be found in the Greek constructions which have been reproduced in the Latin; such as xvii. 3 (Lt.) mem or fuit sermones' = (Gk.) hemnesthe tous logous: in xv. 22 (Lt.) consummavit loquens = (Gk.) Sunetelese lalon: in xxii. 8 (Lt.) 'in omnibus quibus dedisti' = en pasin ois edokas.
6. THE GREEK-A TRANSLATION FROM THE HEBREW.
The early date of our book -the second century B.C.- and the fact that it was written in Palestine speak for a Semitic original, and the evidence for such an original is conclusive. But the question at once arises, was the original written in Hebrew or Aramaic? Certain proper names in the Latin version ending in -in seem to bespeak an Aramaic original, as Cettin xxiv. 28; Adurin xxxviii. 8,9; Filistin xxiv. 14-16. But since in all these cases the Ethiopic transliterations end in -n and not in -nit is not improbable that this Aramaising in the Latin version is due to the translator, who, as Ronsch has concluded on other grounds, was a Palestinian Jew. Again, in the list of the twelve trees suitable for burning on the altar some are transliterations of Aramaic names. But in a late Hebrew work -written at the close of the second century B.C.- the popular names of such objects would naturally be used. Moreover, in certain cases the Hebrew may have already been forgotten, or, when the tree had been lately introduced, been non-existent.
But the arguments for a Hebrew original are many and weighty. (1) A work which claims to be from the hand of Moses would naturally be written in Hebrew; for Hebrew, according to our author, was the sacred and national language, xii. 25-6; xliii. 15. (2) The revival of the national spirit is, so far as we know, accompanied by a revival of the national language. (3) The existing text must be retranslated into Hebrew in order to explain unintelligible expressions and restore the true text. Thus (Ar.) la 'eleja in xliii. 11 = (Gk.) en emoi; which is a mistranslation in this context of (Hb.); for (Hb.) here = (Gk.) deomai, 'pray,' as in Gen. xliv. 18. In xlvii. 9 the text = (Lt.) 'domum (= Hb. ) Faraonis', but the context demands (Lt.) 'filiam (= Hb.) Faraonis',though here the argument is not conclusive, since (Hb.) might have been corruptly written for (Hb.) which in Aramaic = 'daughter'. Again in xxxvi. 10 (cp. also xxxix. 6) the text = (Gk.) ouk anabesetai (= ja'arg) (Gk.) eis to biblion tes zoes. But ja'arg must = 'will be recorded'. Now this meaning is unattested elsewhere in Ethiopic, but the difficulty is solved when we find that it is a Hebrew idiom: see I Chron. xxvii. 24, 2 Chron. xx. 34. (4) Many paronomasiae discover themselves on retranslation into Hebrew, as in iv. 9 there is a play on the name Enoch, in iv. 15 on Jared, in viii. 8 on Peleg, &c. (5) Many passages are preserved in Rabbinic writings, and the book has much matter in common with the Testaments xii Patriarchs, 'which was written about the same date in Hebrew. Both books, in fact, use a chronology peculiar to themselves. (6) Fragments of the original Hebrew text or of the sources used by its author are to be found in the Book of Noah and the Midrasch Wajjisau in Jellinek's Beth-ha-Midrasch, iii. 155-6, 3-5, reprinted in Charles's edition of the Ethiopic text on pp. 179-81.
7. TEXTUAL AFFINITIES.
A minute study of the text shows that it attests an independent form of the Hebrew text of Genesis and the early chapters of Exodus. Thus it agrees with individual authorities such as the Samaritan or the LXX, or the Syriac, or the Vulgate, or the Targum of Onkelos against all the rest. Or again it agrees with two or more of these authorities in opposition to the rest, as for instance with the Massoretic and Samaritan against the LXX, Syriac and Vulgate, or with the Massoretic and Onkelos against the Samaritan, LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate, or with the Massoretic, Samaritan and Syriac against the LXX or Vulgate. But the reader must here be referred to Charles's Book of Jubilees (pp. xxxiii--xxxix) for a full classification of these instances. A study of these phenomena proves that our book represents some form of the Hebrew text midway between the forms presupposed by the LXX and the Syriac; for it agrees more frequently with the LXX, or with combinations into which the LXX enters, than with any other single authority. Next to the LXX it agrees most often with the Syriac or with combinations into which the Syriac enters. On the other hand, its independence of the LXX is shown by a large array of readings, where it has the support of the Samaritan and Massoretic, or of these with various combinations of the Syriac, Vulgate and Onkelos. From these and like considerations we may conclude that the textual evidence points to the composition of our book at some period between 250 B.C. and 100 A.D. and at a time nearer the earlier date than the latter. 4
8. THE VALUE OF THE BOOK OF JUBILEES IN THE CRITICISM OF THE MASSORETIC TEXT OF THE BOOK OF GENESIS.
From a study of the facts which are referred to in the preceding Section it will be clear that before and after the Christian era the Hebrew text did not possess any hard and fast tradition. It will further be obvious that the Massoretic form of this text, which has so long been generally as conservative of the most ancient tradition and as therefore final, is after all only one of many phases through which the text passed in the process of over 1,000 years, ie. 400 B.C. till A.D. 600, or thereabouts.
As we pursue the examination of the materials just mentioned we shall see grounds for regarding the Massoretic text as the result partly of conscious recension and partly of unconscious change extending over many centuries. How this process affected the text in the centuries immediately preceding and subsequent to the Christian era, we have some means of determining in the Hebrew-Samaritan text which, however much it may have been tampered with on religious or polemical grounds, still preserves in many cases the older reading, even as it preserves the older of the alphabet. Next we have the LXX of the Pentateuch, to which we may assign the date 200 B.C.; next the Book of Jubilees just before the Christian era; the Syriac Pentateuch before A.D. 100; the Vulgate of the fourth century; the Targums of Onkelos and Ps.-Jon. in their present form A.D. 300-600.
We have above remarked that the evidence of 6 shows that the Massoretic text is only one of the phases through which the Hebrew text has passed; and if we consider afresh the materials of evidence suggested in that Section in connexion with their dates, and given in some fullness in the Introductions to Charles's Text and Commentary, we shall discover that in some respects it is one of the latest phases of the Hebrew Pentateuch that has been stereotyped by Jewish scholars in the Massoretic text.
This conclusion will tally perfectly with the tradition that all existing Massoretic MSS. are derived in the main from one archetype, i.e. the Hebrew Codex left behind him by Ben Asher, who lived in the tenth century, and whose family had lived at Tiberias in the eighth.
We shall now proceed to give a list of readings in the Massoretic text which should be corrected into accord with the readings attested by such great authorities as the Sam., LXX, Jub., Syr., VuIg.
The following list was published in Charles's Ethiopic Version of the Hebrew Book of Jubilees in 1895. More than two-thirds of the emendations of the Book of Genesis here suggested were subsequently accepted independently, on the evidence of the Sam., LXX, Syr., Vulg., without a knowledge of Jubilees, by C.J. Ball in his edition of the Hebrew Text of Genesis, 1896, by Kittel in his edition of the Hebrew Text of Genesis, 1905, and more than half in the recent Commentary of Gunkel.
[What follows contains many phrases written in Hebrew. At the time of scanning there was not an accessible means to accurately reproduce the Hebrew script. If this information is desired please see Mr. Charles book.]
9. DATE OF (a) THE ORIGINAL TEXT AND (b) OF THE VERSIONS.
(a) Jubilees was written between 153 B.C. and the year of Hyrcanus' breach with the Pharisees. (1) It was written during the pontificate of the Maccabean family, and not earlier than 155 B.C., when this office was assumed by Jonathan the Maccabee. For in xxxii. 1, Levi is called a 'priest of the Most High God.' Now the only Jewish high-priests who bore this title were the Maccabean, who appear to have assumed it as reviving the order of Melchizedek when they displaced the Zadokite order of Aaron. Despite the objections of the Pharisees, it was used by the Maccabean princes down to Hyrcanus II (Jos. Ant. xvi. 6.2). (2) It was written before 96 B.C.; for since our author was of the strictest sect a Pharisee and at the same time an upholder of the Maccabean pontificate, Jubilees cannot have been written later than 96, when the Pharisees and Alexander Jannaeus were openly engaged in mortal strife. (3) It was written before the public breach between Hyrcanus and the Pharisees when Hyrcanus joined the Sadducean party. As Hyrcanus died in 105, our book was written between 153 and 105.
But it is possible to define these limits more closely. The book presupposes as its historical background the most flourishing period of the Maccabean hegemony -such as that under Simon and Hyrcanus. The conquest of Edom, which was achieved by the latter, is referred to in xxxviii. 14. Again our text reflects accurately the intense hatred of Judah towards the Philistines in the second century B.C. It declares that they will fall into the hands of the righteous nation, and we learn from I Macc. and Josephus that Ashdod and Gaza were destroyed by Hyrcanus and Alexander Jannaeus respectively. But it is in the destruction of Samaria, which is adumbrated in the destruction of Shechem, xxx. 4-6, that we are to look for the true terminus a quo. Now all accounts agree in representing the destruction of Samaria as effected by Hyrcanus about four years before his death. Hence we conclude that Jubilees was written between 109 and 105 B.C.
Many other phenomena point to the second-century origin of our book, which are given in Charles's edition, pp. lviii-lxvi. Amongst these we might mention the currency of older and severer forms of the halacha than prevailed in the rabbinical schools, or were registered in the Mishnah. The severe halacha regarding the sabbath in 1.8, 12, were indubitably in force in the second century B.C., if not earlier, but were afterwards mitigated by the Mishnah and later Judaism. Again the strict halacha in xv. 14 regarding circumcision on the eighth day was a current, probably the current, view in the second century B.C. and earlier, since it has the support of the Samaritan text and the LXX. This strict law was subsequently relaxed in the Mishnah. In xxxii. 15 the severe law of tithing found in Lev. xxvii. 15 is enforced, but rabbinic tradition sought to weaken the statement. As regards the halacha laid down in iii. 31 regarding the duty of covering one's shame, it is highly probable that such a halacha did exist in the second century B.C., when Judaism was protesting against the exposure of the person in the Greek games. See also iii. 8-14 notes and xx. 4 note.
Other cases of strict rules afterwards relaxed are the limitation of trees for use with burnt offerings (see xxi. 12-15 notes), the restriction of the eating of the passover to the court of the Lords house (see xlix. 20 note), the close adherence to the exacting demand of Lev. xix. 24 that the fourth year's fruit should be holy (see vii. 36 notes), though here we have a variant reading. Note that the rest of the firstfruits belong to the priests, who are to eat them 'before the altar.' On the other hand, the thank-offerings in xxi. 8-10 do not belong to the priest. The computation of the Feast of Weeks is different from the later prevalent Pharisaic reckoning (see xv. 1 note; xvi. 13, xliv. 4-5), while the account of the Feast of Tabernacles in xvi. 21-31 is peculiar to Jubilees.
Finally, we might draw attention to the fact that the Pharisaic regulation about pouring water on the altar (Jer. Sukk. iv. 6; Sukk. 44a) at the feast of tabernacles appears to have been unknown to him. We know that the attempt of the Pharisees to enforce its adoption on Alexander Jannaeus resulted in a massacre of the former. Attention might also be drawn to the fact that the Priests and Levites still numbered in their ranks, as in the days of the author of Chronicles, the masters of the schools and the men of learning, and that these positions were not filled as in the days of Shammai and Hillel by men drawn from the laity. This inference is to be deduced from the fact that the Levites are represented as the guardians of the sacred books and of the secret lore transmitted from the worthies of old time (x. 4, xlv. 16).
(b) Date of the Ethiopic and Latin Versions. There is no evidence for determining the exact date of the Ethiopic version, but since it was practically regarded as a canonical book it was probably made in the sixth century. Ronsch, as we have already pointed out in 4, gives some evidence for regarding the Latin version as made in the fifth century.
10 JUBILEES FROM ONE AUTHOR BUT BASED ON EASTERN BOOKS AND TRADITIONS.
Our book is the work of one author, but is largely based on earlier books and traditions. The narrative of Genesis forms of course the bulk of the book, but much that is characteristic in it is due to his use of many pseudepigraphic and ancient traditions. Amongst the former might be mentioned the Book of Noah, from which in a modified form he borrows vii. 20-39, x. 1-15. In vii. 26-39 he reproduces his source so faithfully that he leaves the persons unchanged, and forgets to adapt this fragment to its new context. Similarly our author lays the Book of Enoch under contribution, and is of great value in this respect in determining the dates of the various sections of this book. See Introd. to I Book of Enoch, in loc. For other authorities and traditions used by our author see Charles's edition, 13.
11. JUBILEES IS A PRODUCT OF THE MIDRASHIC TENDENCY WHICH HAD BEEN ALREADY AT WORK IN THE O.T. BOOKS OF CHRONICLES.
The Chronicler rewrote with an object the earlier history of Israel and Judah already recounted in Samuel and Kings. His object was to represent David and his pious successors as observing all the prescripts of the law according to the Priests' Code. In the course of this process all facts that did not square with the Chronicler's presuppositions were either omitted or transformed. Now the author of Jubilees sought to do for Genesis what the Chronicler had done for Samuel and Kings, and so he rewrote it in such a way as to show that the law was rigorously observed even by the Patriarchs. The author represents his book to be as a whole a revelation of God to Moses, forming a supplement to and an interpretation of the Pentateuch, which he designates 'the first law' (vi. 22). This revelation was in part a secret republication of the traditions handed down from father to son in antediluvian and subsequent times. From the time of Moses onwards it was preserved in the hands of the priesthood, till the time came for its being made known.
Our author's procedure is of course in direct antagonism with the presuppositions of the Priests' Code in Genesis, for according to this code 'Noah may build no altar, Abraham offer no sacrifice, Jacob erect no sacred pillar. No offering is recorded till Aaron and his sons are ready' (Carpenter, The Hexateuch, i. 124). This fact seems to emphasize in the strongest manner how freely our author reinterpreted his authorities for the past. But he was only using to the full a right that had been exercised for nearly four centuries already in regard to Prophecy and for four or thereabouts in regard to the law.
12. OBJECT OF JUBILEES -THE DEFENCE AND EXPOSITION OF JUDAISM FROM THE PHARISAIC STANDPOINT OF THE SECOND CENTURY B.C.
The object of our author was to defend Judaism against the disintegrating effects of Hellenism, and this he did (a) by glorifying the law as an eternal ordinance and representing the patriarchs as models of piety; (b) by glorifying Israel and insisting on its separation from the Gentiles; and (e) by denouncing the Gentiles and particularly Israel's national enemies. In this last respect Judaism regarded its own attitude to the Gentiles as not only justifiable but also just, because it was a reflection of the divine.
But on (a) it is to be observed further that to our author the law, as a whole, was the realization in time of what was in a sense timeless and eternal. It was observed not only on earth by Israel but in heaven. Parts of the law might have only a time reference, to Israel on earth, but in the privileges of circumcision and the Sabbath, as its highest and everlasting expression, the highest orders of archangels in heaven shared with Israel (ii. i8, 19, 21; xv. 26-28). The law, therefore, was supreme, and could admit of no assessor in the form of Prophecy. There was no longer any prophet because the law had made the free exercise of his gift an offence against itself and God. So far, therefore, as Prophecy existed, it could exist only under the guise of pseudonymity. The seer, who had like Daniel and others a message for his time, could only gain a hearing by issuing it under the name of some ancient worthy.
13. THE AUTHOR -A PHARISEE WHO RECOGNIZED THE MACCABEAN PONTIFICATE AND WAS PROBABLY A PRIEST.
Since our author was an upholder of the everlasting validity of the law, and held the strictest views on circumcision, the Sabbath, and the duty of complete separation from the Gentiles, since he believed in angels and demons and a blessed immortality, he was unquestionably a Pharisee of the strictest sect. In the next place, he was a supporter of the Maccabean pontificate. He glorifies Levi's successors as high-priests and civil rulers, and applies to them the title priests of the Most High God '-the title assumed by the Maccabean princes (xxxii. 1). He was not, however, so thoroughgoing an admirer of this dynasty as the authors of Test. Lev. xviii. or Ps. cx, who expected the Messiah to come forth from the Maccabean family. Finally, that our author was a priest might reasonably be inferred from the exaltation of Levi over Judah (xxxi-xxxii), and from the statement in xlv. i6 that the secret traditions, which our author claims to publish, were kept in the hands of Levi's descendants.
14. INFLUENCE ON LATER LITERATURE.
On the influence of Jubilees on I Enoch i-v, xci-civ, Wisdom (?), 4 Ezra, Chronicles of Jerachmeel, Midrash Tadshe, Book of Jasher, the Samaritan Chronicle, on Patristic and other writings, and on the New Testament writers, see Charles's edition, pp. lxxiii-lxxxvi.
15. THEOLOGY. SOME OF OUR AUTHOR'S VIEWS.
Freedom and determinism. The author of Jubilees is a true Pharisee in that he combines belief in Divine omnipotence and providence with the belief in human freedom and responsibility. He would have adopted heartily the statement of the Pss. Sol. ix. 7 (written some sixty years or more later) (Gk.) ta erga emon en ekloge kai exousia tes psuches emon, tou poiesai dikaiosunen kai adikian en ergois cheiron emon: v. 6 anthropos kai e meris autou para soi en stathmo ou prosthesei tou pleonasai para to krima sou, o theos. Thus the path in which a man should walk is ordained for him and the judgement of all men predetermined on the heavenly tablets: 'And the judgment of all is ordained and written on the heavenly tablets in righteousness -even the judgment of all who depart from the path which is ordained for them to walk in' (v.13). This idea of an absolute determinism underlies many conceptions of the heavenly tablets (see Charles's edition, iii. 10 note). On the other hand, man's freedom and responsibility are fully recognized: 'If they walk not therein, judgment is written down for every creature' (v. 13): 'Beware lest thou walk in their ways, And tread in their paths, And sin a sin unto death before the Most High God. Else He will give thee back into the hand of thy transgression.' Even when a man has sinned deeply he can repent and be forgiven (xli. 24 seq.), but the human will needs the strengthening of a moral dynamic: 'May the Most High God . . . strengthen thee to do His will' (xxi. 25, xxii. 10).
The Fall. The effects of the Fall were limited to Adam and the animal creation. Adam was driven from the garden (iii. 17 seqq.) and the animal creation was robbed of the power of speech (iii. 28). But the subsequent depravity of the human race is not traced to the Fall but to the seduction of the daughters of men by the angels, who had been sent down to instruct men (v.1-4), and to the solicitations of demonic spirits (vii. 27). The evil engendered by the former was brought to an end by the destruction of all the descendants of the angels and of their victims by the Deluge, but the incitement to sin on the part of the demons was to last to the final judgement (vii. 27, x. 1-15, xi. 4 seq., xii. 20). This last view appears in I Enoch and the N.T.
The Law. The law was of eternal validity. It was not the expression of the religious consciousness of one or of several ages, but the revelation in time of what was valid from the beginning and unto all eternity. The various enactments of the law moral and ritual, were written on the heavenly tablets (iii. 31, vi. 17, &c.) and revealed to man through the mediation of angels (i. 27). This conception of the law, as I have already pointed out, made prophecy impossible unless under the guise of pseudonymity. Since the law was the ultimate and complete expression of absolute truth, there was no room for any further revelation: much less could any such revelation, were it conceivable, supersede a single jot or tittle of the law as already revealed. The ideal of the faithful Jew was to be realized in the fulfilment of the moral and ritual precepts of this law: the latter were of no less importance than the former. Though this view of morality tends to be mainly external, our author strikes a deeper note when he declares that, when Israel turned to God with their whole heart, He would circumcise the foreskin of their heart and create a right spirit within them and cleanse them, so that they would not turn away from Him for ever (i. 23). Our author specially emphasizes certain elements of the law such as circumcision (xvi. 14, xv. 26, 29), the Sabbath (ii. 18 seq., 31 seq.), eating of blood (vi. 14), tithing of the tithe (xxxii. 10), Feast of Tabernacles (xvi. 29), Feast of Weeks (vi. 17), the absolute prohibition of mixed marriages (xx. 4, xxii. 20, xxv. 1-10). In connexion with many of these he enunciates halacha which belong to an earlier date than those in the Mishnah, but which were either modified or abrogated by later authorities.
The Messiah. Although our author is an upholder of the Maccabean dynasty he still clings like the writer of I Enoch lxxxiii-xc to the hope of a Messiah sprung from Judah. He makes, however, only one reference to this Messiah, and no role of any importance is assigned to him (see Charles's edition, xxxi. 18 n.). The Messianic expectation showed no vigorous life throughout this century till it was identified with the Maccabean family. If we are right in regarding the Messianic kingdom as of temporary duration, this is the first instance in which the Messiah is associated with a temporary Messianic kingdom.
The Messianic kingdom. According to our author (i. 29, xxiii. 30) this kingdom was to be brought about gradually by the progressive spiritual development of man and a corresponding transformation of nature. Its members were to attain to the full limit of 1,000 years in happiness and peace. During its continuance the powers of evil were to be restrained (xxiii. 29). The last judgement was apparently to take place at its close (xxiii. 30). This view was possibly derived from Mazdeism.
The writer of Jubilees, we can hardly doubt, thought that the era of the Messianic kingdom had already set in. Such an expectation was often cherished in the prosperous days of the Maccabees. Thus it was entertained by the writer of I Enoch lxxxiii-xc in the days of Judas before 161 B.C. Whether Jonathan was looked upon as the divine agent for introducing the kingdom we cannot say, but as to Simon being regarded in this light there is no doubt. Indeed, his contemporaries came to regard him as the Messiah himself, as we see from Psalm cx, or Hyrcanus in the noble Messianic hymn in Test. Levi 18. The tame effus1on in 1 Macc. xiv. 8-15 is a relic of such literature, which was emasculated by its Sadducean editor. Simon was succeeded by John Hyrcanus in 135 B.C. and this great prince seemed to his countrymen to realize the expectations of the past; for according to a contemporary writer (Test. Levi 8) he embraced in his own person the triple office of prophet, priest, and civil ruler (xxxi. i5), while according to the Test. Reuben 6 he was to 'die on behalf of Israel in wars seen and unseen'. In both these passages he seems to be accorded the Messianic office, but not so in our author, as we have seen above. Hyrcanus is only to introduce the Messianic kingdom, over which the Messiah sprung from Judah is to rule.
Priesthood of Melchizedek. That there was originally an account of Melchizedek in our text we have shown in the note on xiii. 2,5, and, that the Maccabean high-priests deliberately adopted the title applied to him in Gen. xiv, we have pointed out in the note on xxxii. I. It would be interesting to inquire how far the writer of Hebrews was indebted to the history of the great Maccabean king-priests for the idea of the Melchizedekian priesthood of which he has made so fruitful a use in chap. vii as applied to our Lord.
The Future Life. In our text all hope of a resurrection of the body is abandoned. The souls of the righteous will enjoy a blessed immortality after death (xxiii. 31). This is the earliest attested instance of this expectation in the last two centuries B.C. It is next found in Enoch xci-civ.
The Jewish Calendar. For our author's peculiar views see Charles's edition 18 and the notes on vi. 29-30, 32, xv. I.
Angelology. We shall confine our attention here to notable parallels between our author and the New Testament. Besides the angels of the presence and the angels of sanctification there are the angels who are set over natural phenomena (ii. 2). These angels are inferior to the former. They do not observe the Sabbath as the higher orders; for they are necessarily always engaged in their duties (ii. 18). It is the higher orders that are generally referred to in the New Testament but the angels over natural phenomena are referred to in Revelation: angels of the winds in vii. 1, 2, the angel of fire in xiv. 18, the angel of the waters in xvi. 5 (cf. Jub. ii. 2). Again, the guardian angels of individuals, which the New Testament refers to in Matt. xviii. 10 (Acts xii. 15), are mentioned, for the first time in Jubilees xxxv. 17. On the angelology of our author see Charles's edition.
Demonology. The demonology of our author reappears for the most part in the New Testament:
(a) The angels which kept not their first estate, Jude 6 ; 2 Peter ii. 4, are the angelic watchers who, though sent down to instruct mankind (Jub. iv. 15), fell from lusting after the daughters of men. Their fall and punishment are recorded in Jub. iv. 22, v.1-9.
(b) The demons are the spirits which went forth from the souls of the giants who were the children of the fallen angels, Jub. v. 7, 9. These demons attacked men and ruled over them (x. 3, 6). Their purpose is to corrupt and lead astray and destroy the wicked (x. 8). They are subject to the prince Mastema (x. 9), or Satan. Men sacrifice to them as gods (xxii. 17). They are to pursue their work of moral ruin till the judgement of Mastema (x. 8) or the setting up of the Messianic kingdom, when Satan will be no longer able to injure mankind (xxiii. 29).
So in the New Testament, the demons are disembodied spirits (Matt. xii. 43-5; Luke xi. 24-6). Their chief is Satan (Mark iii. 22). They are treated as divinities of the heathen (I Cor. x. 20). They are not to be punished till the final judgement (Matt. viii. 29). On the advent of the Millennium Satan will be bound (Rev. xx. 2-3).
Judgement. The doctrine of retribution is strongly enforced by our author. It is to be individual and national in this world and in the next. As regards the individual the law of exact retribution is according to our author not merely an enactment of human justice -the ancient lex talionis, eye for eye, tooth for tooth; it is observed by God in His government of the world. The penalty follows in the line of the sin. This view is enforced in 2 Macc. v. 10, where it is said of Jason, that, as he robbed multitudes of the rites of sepulture, so he himself was deprived of them in turn, and in xv. 32 seq. it is recounted of Nicanor that he was punished in those members with which he had sinned. So also in our text in reference to Cain iv. 31 seq. and the Egyptians xlviii. 14. Taken crassly and mechanically the above law is without foundation, but spiritually conceived it represented the profound truth of the kinship of the penalty to the sin enunciated repeatedly in the New Testament: 'Whatsoever a man sows that shall he also reap' (Gal. vi.;); 'he that doeth wrong shall receive again the wrong that he hath done' (Col. iii. 25, &c.). Again in certain cases the punishment was to follow instantaneously on the transgression (xxxvii. 17).
The final judgement was to take place at the close of the Messianic kingdom (xxiii. 30). This judgement embraces the human and superhuman worlds (v. 10 seq., 14). At this judgement there will be no respect of persons, but all will be judged according to their opportunities and abilities (v. 15 seq.). From the standpoint of our author there could be no hope for the Gentiles.
16. BIBLIOGRAPHY.
(a) Greek Version: see above, 4 (a). Ethiopic Version: this text was first edited by Dillmann from two MSS. cd in 1859, and by R. H. Charles from four MSS. abcd. The Ethiopic Version of the Hebrew Book of Jubilees with the Hebrew, Syriac, Greek, and Latin Fragments, Oxford, 1895. Latin Version: see above, 4 (a).
(b) Translations. Dillrnann, Das Buch der Jubilaen . . . aus dem Aethiopischen ubersetzt (Ewald's Jahrbucher d. bibl. Wissensch., 1850-1, ii. 230-56; iii. 1-96). This translation is based on only one MS. Schodde, The Book of Jubilees, translated from the Ethiopic ('Bibliotheca Sacra,' 1885-7): Charles, The Book of Jubilees, translated from a text based on two hitherto uncollated Ethiopic MSS. (Jewish Quarterly Review, 1893, v. 703-8; 1894, vi. 184-217, 710-45; 1895, vii. 297-328): Littmann, Das Buch der Jubilaen (Kantzsch's Apokryphen und Pseudepigraphen des A. T., 1900, ii. 31-119). This translation is based on Charles's text.
(c) Commentaries. Charles, The Book ofjubilees, 1902. Ronsch published a Commentary on the Latin Version. See above, 4.
(d) Critical Inquiries. Dillmann, 'Pseudepigraphen des A. T.,' Herzog's R. E.2, xii. 364-5; 'Beitrage aus dem Buche der Jubilaen zur Kritik des Pentateuch-Textes' (Sitzungsberichte der kgl. preussischen Akad., 1883); Beer, Das Buch der Jubilaen, 1856; Singer, Das Buck der Jubilaen, 1898; Bohn, 'Die Pedeutung des Buches der Jubilaen' (Theol. Stud. u. Kritiken, 1900, 167-84). For a full bibliography see Charles's Commentary or Schurer.
THE BOOK OF JUBILEES
[Notes and dates added by Mr. Charles will not be given due to length and difficulty in scanning and editing. If this information is desired, please see his book.]
THIS is the history of the division of the days of the law and of the testimony, of the events of the years, of their (year) weeks, of their Jubilees throughout all the years of the world, as the Lord spake to Moses on Mount Sinai when he went up to receive the tables of the law and of the commandment, according to the voice of God as he said unto him, 'Go up to the top of the Mount.'
[Chapter 1]
1 And it came to pass in the first year of the exodus of the children of
Israel out of Egypt, in the third month, on the sixteenth day of the month,
[2450 Anno Mundi] that God spake to Moses, saying: 'Come up to Me on the Mount,
and I will give thee two tables of stone of the law and of the commandment,
which
2 I have written, that thou mayst teach them.' And Moses went up into
the mount of God, and the
3 glory of the Lord abode on Mount Sinai, and a
cloud overshadowed it six days. And He called to Moses on the seventh day out of
the midst of the cloud, and the appearance of the glory of the
4 Lord was
like a flaming fire on the top of the mount. And Moses was on the Mount forty
days and forty nights, and God taught him the earlier and the later history of
the division of all the days
5 of the law and of the testimony. And He said:
'Incline thine heart to every word which I shall speak to thee on this mount,
and write them in a book in order that their generations may see how I have not
forsaken them for all the evil which they have wrought in transgressing the
covenant
6 which I establish between Me and thee for their generations this
day on Mount Sinai. And thus it will come to pass when all these things come
upon them, that they will recognise that I am more righteous than they in all
their judgments and in all their actions, and they will recognise that
7 I
have been truly with them. And do thou write for thyself all these words which I
declare unto, thee this day, for I know their rebellion and their stiff neck,
before I bring them into the land of which I sware to their fathers, to Abraham
and to Isaac and to Jacob, saying: ' Unto your seed
8 will I give a land
flowing with milk and honey. And they will eat and be satisfied, and they will
turn to strange gods, to (gods) which cannot deliver them from aught of their
tribulation: and this witness shall be heard for a witness against them. For
they will forget all My commandments, (even) all that I command them, and they
will walk after the Gentiles, and after their uncleanness, and after their
shame, and will serve their gods, and these will
10 prove unto them an
offence and a tribulation and an affliction and a snare. And many will perish
and they will be taken captive, and will fall into the hands of the enemy,
because they have forsaken My ordinances and My commandments, and the festivals
of My covenant, and My sabbaths, and My holy place which I have hallowed for
Myself in their midst, and My tabernacle, and My sanctuary, which I have
hallowed for Myself in the midst of the land, that I should set my name
11
upon it, and that it should dwell (there). And they will make to themselves high
places and groves and graven images, and they will worship, each his own (graven
image), so as to go astray, and they
12 will sacrifice their children to
demons, and to all the works of the error of their hearts. And I will send
witnesses unto them, that I may witness against them, but they will not hear,
and will slay the witnesses also, and they will persecute those who seek the
law, and they will abrogate and change
13 everything so as to work evil
before My eyes. And I will hide My face from them, and I will deliver them into
the hand of the Gentiles for captivity, and for a prey, and for devouring, and I
will remove them from the midst of the land, and I will scatter them amongst the
Gentiles.
14 And they will forget all My law and all My commandments and all
My judgments, and will go
15 astray as to new moons, and sabbaths, and
festivals, and jubilees, and ordinances. And after this they will turn to Me
from amongst the Gentiles with all their heart and with all their soul and with
all their strength, and I will gather them from amongst all the Gentiles, and
they will seek me, so
16 that I shall be found of them, when they seek me
with all their heart and with all their soul. And I will disclose to them
abounding peace with righteousness, and I will remove them the plant of
uprightness, with all My heart and with all My soul, and they shall be for a
blessing and not for
17 a curse, and they shall be the head and not the
tail. And I will build My sanctuary in their midst, and I will dwell with them,
and I will be their God and they shall be My people in truth and
18, 19
righteousness. And I will not forsake them nor fail them; for I am the Lord
their God.' And Moses fell on his face and prayed and said, 'O Lord my God, do
not forsake Thy people and Thy inheritance, so that they should wander in the
error of their hearts, and do not deliver them into the hands of their enemies,
the Gentiles, lest they should rule over them and cause them to sin against
20 Thee. Let thy mercy, O Lord, be lifted up upon Thy people, and create in
them an upright spirit, and let not the spirit of Beliar rule over them to
accuse them before Thee, and to ensnare them
21 from all the paths of
righteousness, so that they may perish from before Thy face. But they are Thy
people and Thy inheritance, which thou hast delivered with thy great power from
the hands of the Egyptians: create in them a clean heart and a holy spirit, and
let them not be ensnared in
22 their sins from henceforth until eternity.'
And the Lord said unto Moses: 'I know their contrariness and their thoughts and
their stiffneckedness, and they will not be obedient till they confess
23
their own sin and the sin of their fathers. And after this they will turn to Me
in all uprightness and with all (their) heart and with all (their) soul, and I
will circumcise the foreskin of their heart and the foreskin of the heart of
their seed, and I will create in them a holy spirit, and I will cleanse them so
that they shall not turn away from Me from that day unto eternity.
24 And
their souls will cleave to Me and to all My commandments, and they will fulfil
My
25 commandments, and I will be their Father and they shall be My
children. And they all shall be called children of the living God, and every
angel and every spirit shall know, yea, they shall know that these are My
children, and that I am their Father in uprightness and righteousness, and that
26 I love them. And do thou write down for thyself all these words which I
declare unto thee on this mountain, the first and the last, which shall come to
pass in all the divisions of the days in the law and in the testimony and in the
weeks and the jubilees unto eternity, until I descend and dwell
27 with them
throughout eternity.' And He said to the angel of the presence: Write for Moses
from
28 the beginning of creation till My sanctuary has been built among
them for all eternity. And the Lord will appear to the eyes of all, and all
shall know that I am the God of Israel and the Father of all the children of
Jacob, and King on Mount Zion for all eternity. And Zion and Jerusalem shall
29 be holy.' And the angel of the presence who went before the camp of
Israel took the tables of the divisions of the years -from the time of the
creation- of the law and of the testimony of the weeks of the jubilees,
according to the individual years, according to all the number of the jubilees
[according, to the individual years], from the day of the [new] creation when
the heavens and the earth shall be renewed and all their creation according to
the powers of the heaven, and according to all the creation of the earth, until
the sanctuary of the Lord shall be made in Jerusalem on Mount Zion, and all the
luminaries be renewed for healing and for peace and for blessing for all the
elect of Israel, and that thus it may be from that day and unto all the days of
the earth.
[Chapter 2]
[Chapter 3]
[Chapter 4]
[Chapter 5]
[Chapter 6]
[Chapter 7]
make ye the release so that ye release it in righteousness and uprightness,
and ye shall bc righteous, [Chapter 8]
7 thereof. And she bare him a son in the fifth year [1503 A.M.]
thereof, and he called his name Eber: and he took unto himself a wife, and her
name was 'Azurad, the daughter of Nebrod, in the thirty-second [Chapter 9]
[Chapter 10]
For Thy grace has been great towards me, Let Thy grace be lift up upon my sons, 4 But do Thou bless me and my sons, that we may increase and Multiply and
replenish the earth. [Chapter 11]
11 And the prince Mastema sent ravens and birds to devour the seed
which was sown in the land, in order to destroy the land, and rob the children
of men of their labours. Before they could plough [Chapter 12]
'What help and profit have we from those idols which thou dost worship,
3 For there is no spirit in them, 4 Worship the God of heaven, And has created everything by His word, 5 Why do ye worship things that have no spirit in them? And on your shoulders do ye bear them, But they are a great cause of shame to those who make them, 6 And his father said unto him, I also know it, my son, but what shall I do
with a people who have 18 If He desires, He causes it to rain, morning and evening; 19 And he prayed that night and said, 20 Deliver me from the hands of evil spirits who have dominion over the
thoughts of men's hearts, And stablish Thou me and my seed for ever 21 And he said, 'Shall I return unto Ur of the Chaldees who seek my face that
I may return to them, am I to remain here in this place? The right path before
Thee prosper it in the hands of Thy servant that he may fulfil (it) and that I
may not walk in the deceitfulness of my heart, O my God.' 23 And I will bless thee 24 And I will be a God to thee and thy son, and to thy son's son, and to all
thy seed: fear not, from May the eternal God make thy path straight. 30 And if thou seest a land pleasant to thy eyes to dwell in, then arise and
take me to thee and take [Chapter 13]
[Chapter 14]
[Chapter 15]
6 'Behold my ordinance is with thee, 7 Neither shall thy name any more be called Abram, And I will make thee very great, 9 And I shall establish My covenant between Me and thee, and thy seed after
thee, throughout their generations, for an eternal covenant, so that I may be a
God unto thee, and to thy seed after thee. [Chapter 16]
[Chapter 17]
[Chapter 18]
Because thou hast done this thing, And in multiplying I will multiply thy seed And thy seed shall inherit the cities of its enemies, Because thou hast obeyed My voice, 17 And Abraham went to his young men, and they arose and went together to
Beersheba, and Abraham [2010 A.M.]
18 dwelt by the Well of the Oath. And he celebrated this festival every
year, seven days with joy, and he called it the festival of the Lord according
to the seven days during which he went and [Chapter 19]
My daughter, watch over my son Jacob, 18 For I know that the Lord will choose him to be a people for possession
unto Himself, above all 20 Add still further to thy kindness to him, 21 Let thy hands be strong He shall be blessed for ever, 22 If a man can number the sand of the earth, 23 And all the blessings wherewith the Lord hath blessed me and my seed shall
belong to Jacob and To lay the foundations of the heaven, 26 And he called Jacob before the eyes of Rebecca his mother, and kissed him,
and blessed him, and [Chapter 20]
2 and his twelve sons, and Isaac and his two sons, and the six sons of
Keturah, and their sons. And he commanded them that they should observe the way
of the Lord; that they should work righteousness, and love each his neighbour,
and act on this manner amongst all men; that they should each 6 'And guard yourselves from all fornication and uncleanness, Lest ye make our name a curse, And all your sons to be destroyed by the sword, 7 I implore you, my sons, love the God of heaven And walk not after their idols, and after their uncleannesses, For they are vanity, For they are work of (men's) hands, 9 Serve them not, nor worship them, That He may have pleasure in you and grant you His mercy, And bless all your works which ye have wrought upon the earth, And bless the fruit of thy womb and the fruit of thy land, 10 And ye will be for a blessing on the earth, And bless your sons in my name, 11 And he gave to Ishmael and to his sons, and to the sons of Keturah, gifts,
and sent them away [Chapter 21]
21 I see, my son, 22 Beware, lest thou shouldest walk in their ways Else He will [hide His face from thee 23 Turn away from all their deeds and all their uncleanness, 24 And He will bless thee in all thy deeds, 25 Go, my son in peace. 26 And he went out from him rejoicing.
[Chapter 22]
7 'And now I give thanks unto Thee, my God, because thou hast caused me to
see this day: behold, I am one hundred three score and fifteen years, an old man
and full of days, and all my days have 'Blessed be my son Jacob May God give unto thee a seed of righteousness; May nations serve thee, 12 Be strong in the presence of men, Then thy ways and the ways of thy sons will be justified, 13 May the Most High God give thee all the blessings And wherewith He blessed Noah and Adam; 14 And may He cleanse thee from all unrighteousness and impurity, And may He strengthen thee, 15 And may He renew His covenant with thee. 16 And do thou, my son Jacob, remember my words, Separate thyself from the nations, And do not according to their works, For their works are unclean, 17 They offer their sacrifices to the dead And they eat over the graves, 18 They have no heart to understand And how they err in saying to a piece of wood: 'Thou art my God,' 20 Be thou ware, my son Jacob, of taking a wife from any seed of the
daughters of Canaan; 21 For, owing to the transgression of Ham, Canaan erred, 22 And as for all the worshippers of idols and the profane As the children of Sodom were taken away from the earth 23 Fear not, my son Jacob, May the Most High God preserve thee from destruction, 24 This house have I built for myself that I might put my name upon it in the
earth: [it is given to thee and to thy seed for ever], and it will be named the
house of Abraham; it is given to thee and to thy seed for ever; for thou wilt
build my house and establish my name before God for ever: thy seed and thy name
will stand throughout all generations of the earth.' [Chapter 23]
And they shall use violence against Israel and transgression against Jacob,
24 In those days they shall cry aloud, 25 And the heads of the children shall be white with grey hair, 26 And in those days the children shall begin to study the laws, 27 And the days shall begin to grow many and increase amongst those children
of men 28 And there shall be no old man 29 And all their days they shall complete and live in peace and in joy,
30 And at that time the Lord will heal His servants, And the righteous shall see and be thankful, 31 And their bones shall rest in the earth, 32 And do thou, Moses, write down these words; for thus are they written, and
they record (them) on the heavenly tablets for a testimony for the generations
for ever.
[Chapter 24]
2 of this jubilee, seven years. And in the first year of the fourth
week a famine began in the land, [2080 A.M.]
3 besides the first famine, which had been in the days of Abraham. And
Jacob sod lentil pottage, and Esau came from the field hungry. And he said to
Jacob his brother: 'Give me of this red pottage.' And Jacob said to him: 'Sell
to me thy [primogeniture, this] birthright and I will give 22 forty-fourth jubilee. And the Lord appeared to him that night, on
the new moon of the first month, and said unto him: 'I am the God of Abraham thy
father; fear not, for I am with thee, and shall bless thee and shall surely
multiply thy seed as the sand of the earth, for the sake of Abraham my 30 And no remnant shall be left to them, 31 For though he ascend unto heaven, And though he make himself strong on earth, And though he hide himself amongst the nations, And though he descend into Sheol, 33 And thus is it written and engraved concerning him on the heavenly
tablets, to do unto him on the day of judgment, so that he may be rooted out of
the earth.
[Chapter 25]
15 Blessed art thou, Lord of righteousness and God of the ages May He give thee, my Son, the path of righteousness, 16 And may He make thy sons many during thy life, 17 And may He give them this goodly land -as He said He would give it to
Abraham and to his seed after him alway- 18 And may I see (born) unto thee, my son, blessed children during my life,
19 And as thou hast refreshed thy mother's spirit during her life, [My affection] and my breasts bless thee 20 Increase and spread over the earth, And may thy seed rejoice, 21 And may thy name and thy seed endure to all the ages, And may the God of righteousness dwell with them, 22 Blessed be he that blesseth thee, 23 And she kissed him, and said to him; [Chapter 26]
2 old, my son, and behold my eyes are dim in seeing, and I know not the
day of my death. And now take thy hunting weapons thy quiver and thy bow, and go
out to the field, and hunt and catch me (venison), my son, and make me savoury
meat, such as my soul loveth, and bring it to me that I may 23 And may the Lord give thee of the dew of heaven Let nations serve thee, 24 Be lord over thy brethren, And may all the blessings wherewith the Lord hath blessed me and blessed
Abraham, my father; Cursed be he that curseth thee, 25 And it came to pass as soon as Isaac had made an end of blessing his son
Jacob, and Jacob had gone 34 And by thy sword wilt thou live, And it shall come to pass when thou becomest great, 35 And Esau kept threatening Jacob because of the blessing wherewith his
father blessed him, and he: said in his heart: 'May the days of mourning for my
father now come, so that I may slay my brother Jacob.'
[Chapter 27]
[Chapter 28]
[Chapter 29]
[Chapter 30]
[Chapter 31]
They shall speak the word of the Lord in righteousness, And they shall declare My ways to Jacob The blessing of the Lord shall be given in their mouths 16 Thy mother has called thy name Levi, Thou shalt be joined to the Lord Let His table be thine, And may thy table be full unto all generations, 17 And let all who hate thee fall down before thee, And blessed be he that blesses thee, 18 And to Judah he said: To tread down all that hate thee; May thy name and the name of thy sons go forth and traverse every land and
region. And all the nations shall quake In thee shall be the help of Jacob, 20 And when thou sittest on the throne of honour of thy righteousness
Blessed be he that blesseth thee, 21 And turning he kissed him again and embraced him, and rejoiced greatly;
for he had seen the [Chapter 32]
[Chapter 33]
[Chapter 34]
[Chapter 35]
[Chapter 36]
[Chapter 37]
If the boar can change its skin and make its bristles as soft as wool, 22 And if the lion becomes the friend of the ox and makes peace with him
24 And when Jacob saw that he was (so) evilly disposed towards him with his
heart, and with all his soul as to slay him, and that he had come springing like
the wild boar which comes upon [Chapter 38]
[Chapter 39]
[Chapter 40]
[Chapter 41]
8 in the fifth year of this week. And in the sixth year Judah went up
to shear his sheep at Timnah. [2169 A.M.]
9 And they told Tamar: 'Behold thy father-in-law goeth up to Timnah to
shear his sheep.' And she put off her widow's clothes, and put on a veil, and
adorned herself, and sat in the gate adjoining the 22 and Zerah, in the seventh year of this second week. And thereupon
the seven years of fruitfulness [Chapter 42]
2 land, and the rain refused to be given to the earth, for none
whatever fell. And the earth grew barren, but in the land of Egypt there was
food, for Joseph had gathered the seed of the land in the [Chapter 43]
[Chapter 44]
[Chapter 45]
12 the fourth week of the forty-fifth jubilee. And Joseph took of the
corn of the harvest the fifth part for the king and left four parts for them for
food and for seed, and Joseph made it an ordinance for 14 year of the fifth week of the forty-fifth jubilee. And Israel
blessed his sons before he died and told them everything that would befall them
in the land of Egypt; and he made known to them what would come upon them in the
last days, and blessed them and gave to Joseph two portions in [Chapter 46]
2 weeks of years, all the days of the life of Joseph And there was no
Satan nor any evil all the days of the life of Joseph which he lived after his
father Jacob, for all the Egyptians honoured the children 9 all his brethren died after him. And the king of Egypt went forth to
war with the king of Canaan [2263 A.M.] in the forty-seventh jubilee, in the
second week in the second year, and the children of Israel brought forth all the
bones of the children of Jacob save the bones of Joseph, and they buried them in
the [Chapter 47]
2 forty-eighth jubilee; this was the time of tribulation on the
children of Israel. And Pharaoh, king of Egypt, issued a command regarding them
that they should cast all their male children which were 11 of the children of Israel, and thou didst slay him and hide him in
the sand. And on the second day thou didst and two of the children of Israel
striving together, and thou didst say to him who was [Chapter 48]
[Chapter 49]
[Chapter 50]
Herewith is completed the account of the division of the days.
1 And the angel of the presence spake to Moses according to the word of
the Lord, saying: Write the complete history of the creation, how in six days
the Lord God finished all His works and all that He created, and kept Sabbath on
the seventh day and hallowed it for all ages, and
2 appointed it as a sign
for all His works. For on the first day He created the heavens which are above
and the earth and the waters and all the spirits which serve before him -the
angels of the presence, and the angels of sanctification, and the angels [of the
spirit of fire and the angels] of the spirit of the winds, and the angels of the
spirit of the clouds, and of darkness, and of snow and of hail and of hoar
frost, and the angels of the voices and of the thunder and of the lightning, and
the angels of the spirits of cold and of heat, and of winter and of spring and
of autumn and of summer and of all the spirits of his creatures which are in the
heavens and on the earth, (He created) the abysses and the darkness, eventide
(and night), and the light, dawn and day, which He hath
3 prepared in the
knowledge of his heart. And thereupon we saw His works, and praised Him, and
lauded before Him on account of all His works; for seven great works did He
create on the first day.
4 And on the second day He created the firmament in
the midst of the waters, and the waters were divided on that day -half of them
went up above and half of them went down below the firmament (that was) in the
midst over the face of the whole earth. And this was the only work (God) created
5 on the second day. And on the third day He commanded the waters to pass
from off the face of
6 the whole earth into one place, and the dry land to
appear. And the waters did so as He commanded them, and they retired from off
the face of the earth into one place outside of this firmament,
7 and the
dry land appeared. And on that day He created for them all the seas according to
their separate gathering-places, and all the rivers, and the gatherings of the
waters in the mountains and on all the earth, and all the lakes, and all the dew
of the earth, and the seed which is sown, and all sprouting things, and
fruit-bearing trees, and trees of the wood, and the garden of Eden, in Eden
8 and all
9 light from
the darkness. And God appointed the sun to be a great sign on the earth for days
and
10 for sabbaths and for months and for feasts and for years and for
sabbaths of years and for jubilees and for all seasons of the years. And it
divideth the light from the darkness [and] for prosperity, that all things may
prosper which shoot and grow on the earth. These three kinds He made on the
fourth day. And on the fifth day He created great sea monsters in the depths of
the waters, for these were the first things of flesh that were created by his
hands, the fish and everything that moves in the
12 waters, and everything
that flies, the birds and all their kind. And the sun rose above them to prosper
(them), and above everything that was on the earth, everything that shoots out
of the earth, and all
13 fruit-bearing trees, and all flesh. These three
kinds He created on the fifth day. And on the sixth day
14 He created all
the animals of the earth, and all cattle, and everything that moves on the
earth. And after all this He created man, a man and a woman created He them, and
gave him dominion over all that is upon the earth, and in the seas, and over
everything that flies, and over beasts and over cattle, and over everything that
moves on the earth, and over the whole earth, and over all this He gave
15
him dominion. And these four kinds He created on the sixth day. And there were
altogether
16 two and twenty kinds. And He finished all his work on the
sixth day -all that is in the heavens and on the earth, and in the seas and in
the abysses, and in the light and in the darkness, and in
17 everything. And
He gave us a great sign, the Sabbath day, that we should work six days, but
18 keep Sabbath on the seventh day from all work. And all the angels of the
presence, and all the angels of sanctification, these two great classes -He hath
bidden us to keep the Sabbath with Him
19 in heaven and on earth. And He
said unto us: 'Behold, I will separate unto Myself a people from among all the
peoples, and these shall keep the Sabbath day, and I will sanctify them unto
Myself as My people, and will bless them; as I have sanctified the Sabbath day
and do sanctify (it) unto
20 Myself, even so will I bless them, and they
shall be My people and I will be their God. And I have chosen the seed of Jacob
from amongst all that I have seen, and have written him down as My first-born
son,and have sanctified him unto Myself for ever and ever; and I will teach them
the
21 Sabbath day, that they may keep Sabbath thereon from all work.' And
thus He created therein a sign in accordance with which they should keep Sabbath
with us on the seventh day, to eat and to drink, and to bless Him who has
created all things as He has blessed and sanctified unto Himself
22 a
peculiar people above all peoples, and that they should keep Sabbath together
with us. And He caused His commands to ascend as a sweet savour acceptable
before Him all the days . . .
23 There (were) two and twenty heads of
mankind from Adam to Jacob, and two and twenty kinds of work were made until the
seventh day; this is blessed and holy; and the former also is blessed and
24
holy; and this one serves with that one for sanctification and blessing. And to
this (Jacob and his seed) it was granted that they should always be the blessed
and holy ones of the first testimony
25 and law, even as He had sanctified
and blessed the Sabbath day on the seventh day. He created heaven and earth and
everything that He created in six days, and God made the seventh day holy, for
all His works; therefore He commanded on its behalf that, whoever does any work
thereon
26 shall die, and that he who defiles it shall surely die. Wherefore
do thou command the children of Israel to observe this day that they may keep it
holy and not do thereon any work, and not to
27 defile it, as it is holier
than all other days. And whoever profanes it shall surely die, and whoever does
thereon any work shall surely die eternally, that the children of Israel may
observe this day throughout their generations, and not be rooted out of the
land; for it is a holy day and a blessed
28 day. And every one who observes
it and keeps Sabbath thereon from all his work, will be holy and
29 blessed
throughout all days like unto us. Declare and say to the children of Israel the
law of this day both that they should keep Sabbath thereon, and that they should
not forsake it in the error of their hearts; (and) that it is not lawful to do
any work thereon which is unseemly, to do thereon their own pleasure, and that
they should not prepare thereon anything to be eaten or drunk, and (that it is
not lawful) to draw water, or bring in or take out thereon through their gates
any burden,
30 which they had not prepared for themselves on the sixth day
in their dwellings. And they shall not bring in nor take out from house to house
on that day; for that day is more holy and blessed than any jubilee day of the
jubilees; on this we kept Sabbath in the heavens before it was made
31 known
to any flesh to keep Sabbath thereon on the earth. And the Creator of all things
blessed it, but he did not sanctify all peoples and nations to keep Sabbath
thereon, but Israel alone: them
32 alone he permitted to eat and drink and
to keep Sabbath thereon on the earth. And the Creator of all things blessed this
day which He had created for blessing and holiness and glory above all
33
days. This law and testimony was given to the children of Israel as a law for
ever unto their generations.
1 And on the six days of the second week we brought, according to the
word of God, unto Adam all the beasts, and all the cattle, and all the birds,
and everything that moves on the earth, and everything that moves in the water,
according to their kinds, and according to their types: the beasts on the first
day; the cattle on the second day; the birds on the third day; and all that
which moves on the earth on the fourth day; and that which moves in the water on
the fifth day.
2 And Adam named them all by their respective names, and as
he called them, so was their name.
3 And on these five days Adam saw all
these, male and female, according to every kind that was on
4 the earth, but
he was alone and found no helpmeet for him. And the Lord said unto us: 'It is
not
5 good that the man should be alone: let us make a helpmeet for him.'
And the Lord our God caused a deep sleep to fall upon him, and he slept, and He
took for the woman one rib from amongst
6 his ribs, and this rib was the
origin of the woman from amongst his ribs, and He built up the flesh in its
stead, and built the woman. And He awaked Adam out of his sleep and on awaking
he rose on the sixth day, and He brought her to him, and he knew her, and said
unto her: 'This is now bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh; she shall be
called
7 [my] wife; because she was taken from her husband.' Therefore shall
man and wife be one and therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother,
and cleave unto his wife, and they shall be
8 one flesh. In the first week
was Adam created, and the rib -his wife: in the second week He showed her unto
him: and for this reason the commandment was given to keep in their defilement,
9 for a male seven days, and for a female twice seven days. And after Adam
had completed forty days in the land where he had been created, we brought him
into the garden of Eden to till and keep it, but his wife they brought in on the
eightieth day, and after this she entered into the garden
10 of Eden. And
for this reason the commandment is written on the heavenly tablets in regard to
her that gives birth: 'if she bears a male, she shall remain in her uncleanness
seven days according to the first week of days, and thirty and three days shall
she remain in the blood of her purifying, and she shall not touch any hallowed
thing, nor enter into the sanctuary, until she accomplishes these
11 days
which (are enjoined) in the case of a male child. But in the case of a female
child she shall remain in her uncleanness two weeks of days, according to the
first two weeks, and sixty-six days
12 in the blood of her purification, and
they will be in all eighty days.' And when she had completed these eighty days
we brought her into the garden of Eden, for it is holier than all the earth
besides and
13 every tree that is planted in it is holy. Therefore, there
was ordained regarding her who bears a male or a female child the statute of
those days that she should touch no hallowed thing, nor
14 enter into the
sanctuary until these days for the male or female child are accomplished. This
is the law and testimony which was written down for Israel, in order that they
should observe (it) all the
15 days. And in the first week of the first
jubilee, [1-7 A.M.] Adam and his wife were in the garden of Eden for seven years
tilling and keeping it, and we gave him work and we instructed him to do
everything
16 that is suitable for tillage. And he tilled (the garden), and
was naked and knew it not, and was not ashamed, and he protected the garden from
the birds and beasts and cattle, and gathered its fruit, and eat, and put aside
the residue for himself and for his wife [and put aside that which was
17
being kept]. And after the completion of the seven years, which he had completed
there, seven years exactly, [8 A.M.] and in the second month, on the seventeenth
day (of the month), the serpent came and approached the woman, and the serpent
said to the woman, 'Hath God commanded you,
18 saying, Ye shall not eat of
every tree of the garden?' And she said to it, 'Of all the fruit of the trees of
the garden God hath said unto us, Eat; but of the fruit of the tree which is in
the midst of the garden God hath said unto us, Ye shall not eat thereof, neither
shall ye touch it, lest ye die.' And the serpent said unto the woman, 'Ye shall
not surely die: for God doth know that on the day ye shall eat thereof, your
eyes will be opened, and ye will be as gods, and ye will know good and
20
evil. And the woman saw the tree that it was agreeable and pleasant to the eye,
and that its fruit
21 was good for food, and she took thereof and eat. And
when she had first covered her shame with figleaves, she gave thereof to Adam
and he eat, and his eyes were opened, and he saw that he was
22 naked. And
he took figleaves and sewed (them) together, and made an apron for himself, and
23, 24 covered his shame. And God cursed the serpent, and was wroth with it
for ever . . . And He was wroth with the woman, because she harkened to the
voice of the serpent, and did eat; and He said unto her: 'I will greatly
multiply thy sorrow and thy pains: in sorrow thou shalt bring forth
25
children, and thy return shall be unto thy husband, and he will rule over thee.'
And to Adam also he said, ' Because thou hast harkened unto the voice of thy
wife, and hast eaten of the tree of which I commanded thee that thou shouldst
not eat thereof, cursed be the ground for thy sake: thorns and thistles shall it
bring forth to thee, and thou shalt eat thy bread in the sweat of thy face, till
thou returnest to the earth from whence thou wast taken; for earth thou art, and
unto earth shalt
26 thou return.' And He made for them coats of skin, and
clothed them, and sent them forth from
27 the Garden of Eden. And on that
day on which Adam went forth from the Garden, he offered as a sweet savour an
offering, frankincense, galbanum, and stacte, and spices in the morning with the
28 rising of the sun from the day when he covered his shame. And on that day
was closed the mouth of all beasts, and of cattle, and of birds, and of whatever
walks, and of whatever moves, so that they could no longer speak: for they had
all spoken one with another with one lip and with one tongue.
29 And He sent
out of the Garden of Eden all flesh that was in the Garden of Eden, and all
flesh was scattered according to its kinds, and according to its types unto the
places which had been created
30 for them. And to Adam alone did He give
(the wherewithal) to cover his shame, of all the beasts and
31 cattle. On
this account, it is prescribed on the heavenly tablets as touching all those who
know the judgment of the law, that they should cover their shame, and should not
uncover themselves as the
32 Gentiles uncover themselves. And on the new
moon of the fourth month, Adam and his wife went
33 forth from the Garden of
Eden, and they dwelt in the land of Elda in the land of their creation. And
34 Adam called the name of his wife Eve. And they had no son till the first
jubilee, [8 A.M.] and after this he
35 knew her. Now he tilled the land as
he had been instructed in the Garden of Eden.
1 And in the third week in the second jubilee she gave birth to Cain,
and in the fourth she gave birth to Abel, and in the fifth she gave birth to her
daughter Awan. And in the first (year) of the third jubilee, Cain slew Abel
because (God) accepted the sacrifice of Abel, and did not accept
3 the
offering of Cain. And he slew him in the field: and his blood cried from the
ground to heaven,
4 complaining because he had slain him. And the Lord
reproved Cain because of Abel, because he had slain him, and he made him a
fugitive on the earth because of the blood of his brother, and he
5 cursed
him upon the earth. And on this account it is written on the heavenly tables,
'Cursed is ,he who smites his neighbour treacherously, and let all who have seen
and heard say, So be it; and
6 the man who has seen and not declared (it),
let him be accursed as the other.' And for this reason we announce when we come
before the Lord our God all the sin which is committed in heaven and
7 on
earth, and in light and in darkness, and everywhere. And Adam and his wife
mourned for Abel four weeks of years, [99-127 A.M] and in the fourth year of the
fifth week [130 A.M.] they became joyful, and Adam knew his wife again, and she
bare him a son, and he called his name Seth; for he said 'GOD has
8 raised
up a second seed unto us on the earth instead of Abel; for Cain slew him.' And
in the sixth
9 week [134-40 A.M.] he begat his daughter Azura. And Cain took
Awan his sister to be his wife and she bare him Enoch at the close of the fourth
jubilee. [190-196 A.M.] And in the first year of the first week of the fifth
jubilee, [197 A.M.] houses were built on the earth, and Cain built a city, and
called its name after the name of
10, 11 his son Enoch. And Adam knew Eve
his wife and she bare yet nine sons. And in the fifth week of the fifth jubilee
[225-31 A.M.] Seth took Azura his sister to be his wife, and in the fourth (year
of the sixth
12,13 week) [235 A.M.] she bare him Enos. He began to call on
the name of the Lord on the earth. And in the seventh jubilee in the third week
[309-15 A.M.] Enos took Noam his sister to be his wife, and she bare him a son
14 in the third year of the fifth week, and he called his name Kenan. And at
the close of the eighth jubilee [325, 386-3992 A.M.] Kenan took Mualeleth his
sister to be his wife, and she bare him a son in the ninth jubilee,
15 in
the first week in the third year of this week, [395 A.M] and he called his name
Mahalalel. And in the second week of the tenth jubilee [449-55 A.M.] Mahalalel
took unto him to wife DinaH, the daughter of Barakiel the daughter of his
father's brother, and she bare him a son in the third week in the sixth year,
[461 A.M.] and he called his name Jared, for in his days the angels of the Lord
descended on the earth, those who are named the Watchers, that they should
instruct the children of men, and that they should do
16 judgment and
uprightness on the earth. And in the eleventh jubilee [512-18 A.M.] Jared took
to himself a wife, and her name was Baraka, the daughter of Rasujal, a daughter
of his father's brother, in the fourth week of this jubilee, [522 A.M.] and she
bare him a son in the fifth week, in the fourth year of the jubilee, and
17
he called his name Enoch. And he was the first among men that are born on earth
who learnt writing and knowledge and wisdom and who wrote down the signs of
heaven according to the order of their months in a book, that men might know the
seasons of the years according to the order of
18 their separate months. And
he was the first to write a testimony and he testified to the sons of men among
the generations of the earth, and recounted the weeks of the jubilees, and made
known to them the days of the years, and set in order the months and recounted
the Sabbaths of the years
19 as we made (them), known to him. And what was
and what will be he saw in a vision of his sleep, as it will happen to the
children of men throughout their generations until the day of judgment; he saw
and understood everything, and wrote his testimony, and placed the testimony on
earth for all
20 the children of men and for their generations. And in the
twelfth jubilee, [582-88] in the seventh week thereof, he took to himself a
wife, and her name was Edna, the daughter of Danel, the daughter of his father's
brother, and in the sixth year in this week [587 A.M.] she bare him a son and he
called his name
21 Methuselah. And he was moreover with the angels of God
these six jubilees of years, and they showed him everything which is on earth
and in the heavens, the rule of the sun, and he wrote down
22 everything.
And he testified to the Watchers, who had sinned with the daughters of men; for
these had begun to unite themselves, so as to be defiled, with the daughters of
men, and Enoch
23 testified against (them) all. And he was taken from
amongst the children of men, and we conducted him into the Garden of Eden in
majesty and honour, and behold there he writes down the con-
24 demnation
and judgment of the world, and all the wickedness of the children of men. And on
account of it (God) brought the waters of the flood upon all the land of Eden;
for there he was set as a sign and that he should testify against all the
children of men, that he should recount all the
25 deeds of the generations
until the day of condemnation. And he burnt the incense of the sanctuary,
26
(even) sweet spices acceptable before the Lord on the Mount. For the Lord has
four places on the earth, the Garden of Eden, and the Mount of the East, and
this mountain on which thou art this day, Mount Sinai, and Mount Zion (which)
will be sanctified in the new creation for a sanctification of the earth;
through it will the earth be sanctified from all (its) guilt and its uncleanness
through-
27 out the generations of the world. And in the fourteenth jubilee
[652 A.M.] Methuselah took unto himself a wife, Edna the daughter of Azrial, the
daughter of his father's brother, in the third week, in the
28 first year of
this week, [701-7 A.M.] and he begat a son and called his name Lamech. And in
the fifteenth jubilee in the third week Lamech took to himself a wife, and her
name was Betenos the daughter of Baraki'il, the daughter of his father's
brother, and in this week she bare him a son and he called his name Noah,
saying, 'This one will comfort me for my trouble and all my work, and for the
ground
29 which the Lord hath cursed.' And at the close of the nineteenth
jubilee, in the seventh week in the sixth year [930 A.M.] thereof, Adam died,
and all his sons buried him in the land of his creation, and he
30 was the
first to be buried in the earth. And he lacked seventy years of one thousand
years; for one thousand years are as one day in the testimony of the heavens and
therefore was it written concerning the tree of knowledge: 'On the day that ye
eat thereof ye shall die.' For this reason he
31 did not complete the years
of this day; for he died during it. At the close of this jubilee Cain was killed
after him in the same year; for his house fell upon him and he died in the midst
of his house, and he was killed by its stones; for with a stone he had killed
Abel, and by a stone was he killed in
32 righteous judgment. For this reason
it was ordained on the heavenly tablets: With the instrument with which a man
kills his neighbour with the same shall he be killed; after the manner that
33 he wounded him, in like manner shall they deal with him.' And in the
twenty-fifth [1205 A.M.] jubilee Noah took to himself a wife, and her name was
Emzara, the daughter of Rake'el, the daughter of his father's brother, in the
first year in the fifth week [1207 A.M.]: and in the third year thereof she bare
him Shem, in the fifth year thereof [1209 A.M.] she bare him Ham, and in the
first year in the sixth week [1212 A.M.] she bare him Japheth.
1 And it came to pass when the children of men began to multiply on the
face of the earth and daughters were born unto them, that the angels of God saw
them on a certain year of this jubilee, that they were beautiful to look upon;
and they took themselves wives of all whom they
2 chose, and they bare unto
them sons and they were giants. And lawlessness increased on the earth and all
flesh corrupted its way, alike men and cattle and beasts and birds and
everything that walks on the earth -all of them corrupted their ways and their
orders, and they began to devour each other, and lawlessness increased on the
earth and every imagination of the thoughts of all men
3 (was) thus evil
continually. And God looked upon the earth, and behold it was corrupt, and all
flesh had corrupted its orders, and all that were upon the earth had wrought all
manner of evil
4 before His eyes. And He said that He would destroy man and
all flesh upon the face of the earth
5,6 which He had created. But Noah
found grace before the eyes of the Lord. And against the angels whom He had sent
upon the earth, He was exceedingly wroth, and He gave commandment to root them
out of all their dominion, and He bade us to bind them in the depths of the
earth, and
7 behold they are bound in the midst of them, and are (kept)
separate. And against their sons went forth a command from before His face that
they should be smitten with the sword, and be removed
8 from under heaven.
And He said 'My spirit shall not always abide on man; for they also are flesh
9 and their days shall be one hundred and twenty years'. And He sent His
sword into their midst that each should slay his neighbour, and they began to
slay each other till they all fell by the sword
10 and were destroyed from
the earth. And their fathers were witnesses (of their destruction), and after
this they were bound in the depths of the earth for ever, until the day of the
great condemnation, when judgment is executed on all those who have corrupted
their ways and their works before
11 the Lord. And He destroyed all from
their places, and there was not left one of them whom
12 He judged not
according to all their wickedness. And he made for all his works a new and
righteous nature, so that they should not sin in their whole nature for ever,
but should be all
13 righteous each in his kind alway. And the judgment of
all is ordained and written on the heavenly tablets in righteousness -even (the
judgment of) all who depart from the path which is ordained for them to walk in;
and if they walk not therein, judgment is written down for every creature and
14 for every kind. And there is nothing in heaven or on earth, or in light
or in darkness, or in Sheol or in the depth, or in the place of darkness (which
is not judged); and all their judgments are
15 ordained and written and
engraved. In regard to all He will judge,the great according to his
16
greatness, and the small according to his smallness, and each according to his
way. And He is not one who will regard the person (of any), nor is He one who
will receive gifts, if He says that He will execute judgment on each: if one
gave everything that is on the earth, He will not regard the
17 gifts or the
person (of any), nor accept anything at his hands, for He is a righteous judge.
[And of the children of Israel it has been written and ordained: If they turn to
him in righteousness He will forgive all their transgressions and pardon all
their sins. It is written and ordained that
19 He will show mercy to all who
turn from all their guilt once each year.] And as for all those who corrupted
their ways and their thoughts before the flood, no man's person was accepted
save that of Noah alone; for his person was accepted in behalf of his sons, whom
(God) saved from the waters of the flood on his account; for his heart was
righteous in all his ways, according as it was com-
20 manded regarding him,
and he had not departed from aught that was ordained for him. And the Lord said
that he would destroy everything which was upon the earth, both men and cattle,
and
21 beasts, and fowls of the air, and that which moveth on the earth. And
He commanded Noah to
22 make him an ark, that he might save himself from the
waters of the flood. And Noah made the ark in all respects as He commanded him,
in the twenty-seventh jubilee of years, in the fifth week
23 in the fifth
year (on the new moon of the first month). [1307 A.M.] And he entered in the
sixth (year) thereof, [1308 A.M.] in the second month, on the new moon of the
second month, till the sixteenth; and he entered, and all that we brought to
him, into the ark, and the Lord closed it from without on the seventeenth
evening.
24 And the Lord opened seven flood-gates of heaven,
And the
mouths of the fountains of the great deep, seven mouths in number.
25 And
the flood-gates began to pour down water from the heaven forty days and forty
nights,
And the fountains of the deep also sent up waters, until the whole
world was full of water.
26 And the waters increased upon the earth: Fifteen
cubits did the waters rise above all the high mountains, And the ark was lift up
above the earth,
And it moved upon the face of the waters.
27 And the
water prevailed on the face of the earth five months -one hundred and fifty
days.
28, 29 And the ark went and rested on the top of Lubar, one of the
mountains of Ararat. And (on the new moon) in the fourth month the fountains of
the great deep were closed and the flood-gates of heaven were restrained; and on
the new moon of the seventh month all the mouths of the abysses
30 of the
earth were opened, and the water began to descend into the deep below. And on
the new moon of the tenth month the tops of the mountains were seen, and on the
new moon of the first 31 month the earth became visible. And the waters
disappeared from above the earth in the fifth week in the seventh year [1309
A.M.] thereof, and on the seventeenth day in the second month the earth was dry.
32 And on the twenty-seventh thereof he opened the ark, and sent forth from
it beasts, and cattle, and birds, and every moving thing.
1 And on the new moon of the third month he went forth from the ark, and
built an altar on
2 that mountain. And he made atonement for the earth, and
took a kid and made atonement by its blood for all the guilt of the earth; for
everything that had been on it had been destroyed, save
3 those that were in
the ark with Noah. And he placed the fat thereof on the altar, and he took an
ox, and a goat, and a sheep and kids, and salt, and a turtle-dove, and the young
of a dove, and placed a burnt sacrifice on the altar, and poured thereon an
offering mingled with oil, and sprinkled wine and strewed frankincense over
everything, and caused a goodly savour to arise, acceptable before
4 the
Lord. And the Lord smelt the goodly savour, and He made a covenant with him that
there should not be any more a flood to destroy the earth; that all the days of
the earth seed-time and harvest should never cease; cold and heat, and summer
and winter, and day and night should not
5 change their order, nor cease for
ever. 'And you, increase ye and multiply upon the earth, and become many upon
it, and be a blessing upon it. The fear of you and the dread of you I will
6
inspire in everything that is on earth and in the sea. And behold I have given
unto you all beasts, and all winged things, and everything that moves on the
earth, and the fish in the waters, and all
7 things for food; as the green
herbs, I have given you all things to eat. But flesh, with the life thereof,
with the blood, ye shall not eat; for the life of all flesh is in the blood,
lest your blood of your lives be required. At the hand of every man, at the hand
of every (beast) will I require the
8 blood of man. Whoso sheddeth man's
blood by man shall his blood be shed, for in the image of
9,10 God made He
man. And you, increase ye, and multiply on the earth.' And Noah and his sons
swore that they would not eat any blood that was in any flesh, and he made a
covenant before the
11 Lord God for ever throughout all the generations of
the earth in this month. On this account He spake to thee that thou shouldst
make a covenant with the children of Israel in this month upon the mountain with
an oath, and that thou shouldst sprinkle blood upon them because of all the
words
12 of the covenant, which the Lord made with them for ever. And this
testimony is written concerning you that you should observe it continually, so
that you should not eat on any day any blood of beasts or birds or cattle during
all the days of the earth, and the man who eats the blood of beast or of cattle
or of birds during all the days of the earth, he and his seed shall be rooted
out of the land.
13 And do thou command the children of Israel to eat no
blood, so that their names and their seed
14 may be before the Lord our God
continually. And for this law there is no limit of days, for it is for ever.
They shall observe it throughout their generations, so that they may continue
supplicating on your behalf with blood before the altar; every day and at the
time of morning and evening they shall seek forgiveness on your behalf
perpetually before the Lord that they may keep
15 it and not be rooted out.
And He gave to Noah and his sons a sign that there should not again
16 be a
flood on the earth. He set His bow in the cloud for a sign of the eternal
covenant that there
17 should not again be a flood on the earth to destroy
it all the days of the earth. For this reason it is ordained and written on the
heavenly tablets, that they should celebrate the feast of weeks in this
18
month once a year, to renew the covenant every year. And this whole festival was
celebrated in heaven from the day of creation till the days of Noah -twenty-six
jubilees and five weeks of years [1309-1659 A.M.]: and Noah and his sons
observed it for seven jubilees and one week of years, till the day of Noah's
death, and from the day of Noah's death his sons did away with (it) until the
days of Abraham, and
19 they eat blood. But Abraham observed it, and Isaac
and Jacob and his children observed it up to thy days, and in thy days the
children of Israel forgot it until ye celebrated it anew on this mountain.
20 And do thou command the children of Israel to observe this festival in
all their generations for a
21 commandment unto them: one day in the year in
this month they shall celebrate the festival. For it is the feast of weeks and
the feast of first fruits: this feast is twofold and of a double nature:
22
according to what is written and engraven concerning it, celebrate it. For I
have written in the book of the first law, in that which I have written for
thee, that thou shouldst celebrate it in its season, one day in the year, and I
explained to thee its sacrifices that the children of Israel should remember and
should celebrate it throughout their generations in this month, one day in every
year.
23 And on the new moon of the first month, and on the new moon of the
fourth month, and on the new moon of the seventh month, and on the new moon of
the tenth month are the days of remembrance, and the days of the seasons in the
four divisions of the year. These are written and ordained
24 as a testimony
for ever. And Noah ordained them for himself as feasts for the generations for
ever,
25 so that they have become thereby a memorial unto him. And on the
new moon of the first month he was bidden to make for himself an ark, and on
that (day) the earth became dry and he opened
26 (the ark) and saw the
earth. And on the new moon of the fourth month the mouths of the depths of the
abyss beneath were closed. And on the new moon of the seventh month all the
mouths of
27 the abysses of the earth were opened, and the waters began to
descend into them. And on the new
28 moon of the tenth month the tops of the
mountains were seen, and Noah was glad. And on this account he ordained them for
himself as feasts for a memorial for ever, and thus are they ordained.
29
And they placed them on the heavenly tablets, each had thirteen weeks; from one
to another (passed) their memorial, from the first to the second, and from the
second to the third, and from the
30 third to the fourth. And all the days
of the commandment will be two and fifty weeks of days, and (these will make)
the entire year complete. Thus it is engraven and ordained on the heavenly
31 tablets. And there is no neglecting (this commandment) for a single year
or from year to year.
32 And command thou the children of Israel that they
observe the years according to this reckoning- three hundred and sixty-four
days, and (these) will constitute a complete year, and they will not disturb its
time from its days and from its feasts; for everything will fall out in them
according to
33 their testimony, and they will not leave out any day nor
disturb any feasts. But if they do neglect and do not observe them according to
His commandment, then they will disturb all their seasons and the years will be
dislodged from this (order), [and they will disturb the seasons and the years
34 will be dislodged] and they will neglect their ordinances. And all the
children of Israel will forget and will not find the path of the years, and will
forget the new moons, and seasons, and sabbaths
35 and they will go wrong as
to all the order of the years. For I know and from henceforth will I declare it
unto thee, and it is not of my own devising; for the book (lies) written before
me, and on the heavenly tablets the division of days is ordained, lest they
forget the feasts of the covenant
36 and walk according to the feasts of the
Gentiles after their error and after their ignorance. For there will be those
who will assuredly make observations of the moon -how (it) disturbs the
37
seasons and comes in from year to year ten days too soon. For this reason the
years will come upon them when they will disturb (the order), and make an
abominable (day) the day of testimony, and an unclean day a feast day, and they
will confound all the days, the holy with the unclean, and the unclean day with
the holy; for they will go wrong as to the months and sabbaths and feasts and
38 jubilees. For this reason I command and testify to thee that thou mayst
testify to them; for after thy death thy children will disturb (them), so that
they will not make the year three hundred and sixty-four days only, and for this
reason they will go wrong as to the new moons and seasons and sabbaths and
festivals, and they will eat all kinds of blood with all kinds of flesh.
1 And in the seventh week in the first year [1317 A.M.] thereof, in this
jubilee, Noah planted vines on the mountain on which the ark had rested, named
Lubar, one of the Ararat Mountains, and they produced fruit in the fourth year,
[1320 A.M.] and he guarded their fruit, and gathered it in this year in the
2 seventh month. And he made wine therefrom and put it into a vessel, and
kept it until the fifth
3 year, [1321 A.M.] until the first day, on the new
moon of the first month. And he celebrated with joy the day of this feast, and
he made a burnt sacrifice unto the Lord, one young ox and one ram, and seven
sheep, each a year old, and a kid of the goats, that he might make atonement
thereby for himself
4 and his sons. And he prepared the kid first, and
placed some of its blood on the flesh that was on the altar which he had made,
and all the fat he laid on the altar where he made the burnt sacrifice,
5
and the ox and the ram and the sheep, and he laid all their flesh upon the
altar. And he placed all their offerings mingled with oil upon it, and
afterwards he sprinkled wine on the fire which he had previously made on the
altar, and he placed incense on the altar and caused a sweet savour to
6
ascend acceptable before the Lord his God. And he rejoiced and drank of this
wine, he and his
7 children with joy. And it was evening, and he went into
his tent, and being drunken he lay down
8 and slept, and was uncovered in
his tent as he slept. And Ham saw Noah his father naked, and
9 went forth
and told his two brethren without. And Shem took his garment and arose, he and
Japheth, and they placed the garment on their shoulders and went backward and
covered the shame
10 of their father, and their faces were backward. And
Noah awoke from his sleep and knew all that his younger son had done unto him,
and he cursed his son and said: 'Cursed be Canaan; an
11 enslaved servant
shall he be unto his brethren.' And he blessed Shem, and said: 'Blessed be the
12 Lord God of Shem, and Canaan shall be his servant. God shall enlarge
Japheth, and God shall
13 dwell in the dwelling of Shem, and Canaan shall be
his servant.' And Ham knew that his father had cursed his younger son, and he
was displeased that he had cursed his son. and he parted from
14 his father,
he and his sons with him, Cush and Mizraim and Put and Canaan. And he built for
15 himself a city and called its name after the name of his wife
Ne'elatama'uk. And Japheth saw it, and became envious of his brother, and he too
built for himself a city, and he called its name after
16 the name of his
wife 'Adataneses. And Shem dwelt with his father Noah, and he built a city close
to his father on the mountain, and he too called its name after the name of his
wife Sedeqetelebab.
17 And behold these three cities are near Mount Lubar;
Sedeqetelebab fronting the mountain on its
18 east; and Na'eltama'uk on the
south; 'Adatan'eses towards the west. And these are the sons of Shem: Elam, and
Asshur, and Arpachshad -this (son) was born two years after the flood- and
19 Lud, and Aram. The sons of Japheth: Gomer and Magog and Madai and Javan,
Tubal and
20 Meshech and Tiras: these are the sons of Noah. And in the
twenty-eighth jubilee [1324-1372 A.M.] Noah began to enjoin upon his sons' sons
the ordinances and commandments, and all the judgments that he knew, and he
exhorted his sons to observe righteousness, and to cover the shame of their
flesh, and to bless their Creator, and honour father and mother, and love their
neighbour, and guard their souls
21 from fornication and uncleanness and all
iniquity. For owing to these three things came the flood upon the earth, namely,
owing to the fornication wherein the Watchers against the law of their
ordinances went a whoring after the daughters of men, and took themselves wives
of all which they
22 chose: and they made the beginning of uncleanness. And
they begat sons the Naphidim, and they were all unlike, and they devoured one
another: and the Giants slew the Naphil, and the
23 Naphil slew the Eljo,
and the Eljo mankind, and one man another. And every one sold himself
24 to
work iniquity and to shed much blood, and the earth was filled with iniquity.
And after this they sinned against the beasts and birds, and all that moves and
walks on the earth: and much blood was shed on the earth, and every imagination
and desire of men imagined vanity and evil
25 continually. And the Lord
destroyed everything from off the face of the earth; because of the wickedness
of their deeds, and because of the blood which they had shed in the midst of the
earth
26 He destroyed everything. 'And we were left, I and you, my sons, and
everything that entered with us into the ark, and behold I see your works before
me that ye do not walk in righteousness: for in the path of destruction ye have
begun to walk, and ye are parting one from another, and are envious one of
another, and (so it comes) that ye are not in harmony, my sons, each with his
brother.
27 For I see, and behold the demons have begun (their) seductions
against you and against your children and now I fear on your behalf, that after
my death ye will shed the blood of men upon the earth,
28 and that ye, too,
will be destroyed from the face of the earth. For whoso sheddeth man's blood,
and whoso eateth the blood of any flesh, shall all be destroyed from the earth.
29 And there shall not be left any man that eateth blood,
or that
sheddeth the blood of man on the earth,
Nor shall there be left to him any
seed or descendants living under heaven;
For into Sheol shall they go, And
into the place of condemnation shall they descend,
And into the darkness of
the deep shall they all be removed by a violent death.
30 There shall be no
blood seen upon you of all the blood there shall be all the days in which ye
have killed any beasts or cattle or whatever flies upon the earth, and work ye a
good work to your
31 souls by covering that which has been shed on the face
of the earth. And ye shall not be like him who eats with blood, but guard
yourselves that none may eat blood before you: cover the blood,
32 for thus
have I been commanded to testify to you and your children, together with all
flesh. And suffer not the soul to be eaten with the flesh, that your blood,
which is your life, may not be required
33 at the hand of any flesh that
sheds (it) on the earth. For the earth will not be clean from the blood which
has been shed upon it; for (only) through the blood of him that shed it will the
earth be
34 purified throughout all its generations. And now, my children,
harken: work judgment and righteousness that ye maybe planted in righteousness
over the face of the whole earth, and your
35 glory lifted up before my God,
who saved me from the waters of the flood. And behold, ye will go and build for
yourselves cities, and plant in them all the plants that are upon the earth, and
moreover
36 all fruit-bearing trees. For three years the fruit of everything
that is eaten will not be gathered: and in the fourth year its fruit will be
accounted holy [and they will offer the first-fruits], acceptable before the
Most High God, who created heaven and earth and all things. Let them offer in
abundance the first of the wine and oil (as) first-fruits on the altar of the
Lord, who receives it, and
37 what is left let the servants of the house of
the Lord eat before the altar which receives (it). And in the fifth year
38 and all that you plant shall prosper. For thus
did Enoch, the father of your father command Methuselah, his son, and Methuselah
his son Lamech, and Lamech commanded me all the things
39 which his fathers
commanded him. And I also will give you commandment, my sons, as Enoch commanded
his son in the first jubilees: whilst still living, the seventh in his
generation, he commanded and testified to his son and to his son's sons until
the day of his death.'
1 In the twenty-ninth jubilee, in the first week, [1373 A.M.] in the
beginning thereof Arpachshad took to himself a wife and her name was Rasu'eja,
the daughter of Susan, the daughter of Elam, and she
2 bare him a son in the
third year in this week, [1375 A.M.] and he called his name Kainam. And the son
grew, and his father taught him writing, and he went to seek for himself a place
where he might seize for
3 himself a city. And he found a writing which
former (generations) had carved on the rock, and he read what was thereon, and
he transcribed it and sinned owing to it; for it contained the teaching of the
Watchers in accordance with which they used to observe the omens of the sun and
moon and
4 stars in all the signs of heaven. And he wrote it down and said
nothing regarding it; for he was
5 afraid to speak to Noah about it lest he
should be angry with him on account of it. And in the thirtieth jubilee, [1429
A.M.] in the second week, in the first year thereof, he took to himself a wife,
and her name was Melka, the daughter of Madai, the son of Japheth, and in the
fourth year [1432 A.M.] he begat a son, and
6 called his name Shelah; for he
said: 'Truly I have been sent.' [And in the fourth year he was born], and Shelah
grew up and took to himself a wife, and her name was Mu'ak, the daughter of
Kesed, his father's brother, in the one and thirtieth jubilee, in the fifth
week, in the first year [1499 A.M.]
8 jubilee, in
the seventh week, in the third year thereof. [1564 A.M.] And in the sixth year
[1567 A.M.] thereof, she bare him son, and he called his name Peleg; for in the
days when he was born the children of Noah began
9 to divide the earth
amongst themselves: for this reason he called his name Peleg. And they
10
divided (it) secretly amongst themselves, and told it to Noah. And it came to
pass in the beginning of the thirty-third jubilee [1569 A.M.] that they divided
the earth into three parts, for Shem and Ham and Japheth, according to the
inheritance of each, in the first year in the first week, when one of us
11
who had been sent, was with them. And he called his sons, and they drew nigh to
him, they and their children, and he divided the earth into the lots, which his
three sons were to take in possession, and they reached forth their hands, and
took the writing out of the bosom of Noah, their father.
12 And there came
forth on the writing as Shem's lot the middle of the earth which he should take
as an inheritance for himself and for his sons for the generations of eternity,
from the middle of the mountain range of Rafa, from the mouth of the water from
the river Tina, and his portion goes towards the west through the midst of this
river, and it extends till it reaches the water of the abysses, out of which
this river goes forth and pours its waters into the sea Me'at, and this river
flows into the great sea. And all that is towards the north is Japheth's, and
all that is towards the
13 south belongs to Shem. And it extends till it
reaches Karaso: this is in the bosom of the tongue
14 which looks towards
the south. And his portion extends along the great sea, and it extends in a
straight line till it reaches the west of the tongue which looks towards the
south: for this sea is
15 named the tongue of the Egyptian Sea. And it turns
from here towards the south towards the mouth of the great sea on the shore of
(its) waters, and it extends to the west to 'Afra, and it extends till it
reaches the waters of the river Gihon, and to the south of the waters of Gihon,
to the
16 banks of this river. And it extends towards the east, till it
reaches the Garden of Eden, to the south thereof, [to the south] and from the
east of the whole land of Eden and of the whole east, it turns to the east and
proceeds till it reaches the east of the mountain named Rafa, and it descends
17 to the bank of the mouth of the river Tina. This portion came forth by
lot for Shem and his sons,
18 that they should possess it for ever unto his
generations for evermore. And Noah rejoiced that this portion came forth for
Shem and for his sons, and he remembered all that he had spoken with his mouth
in prophecy; for he had said:
'Blessed be the Lord God of Shem
And may
the Lord dwell in the dwelling of Shem.'
19 And he knew that the Garden of
Eden is the holy of holies, and the dwelling of the Lord, and Mount Sinai the
centre of the desert, and Mount Zion -the centre of the navel of the earth:
these three
20 were created as holy places facing each other. And he blessed
the God of gods, who had put the
21 word of the Lord into his mouth, and the
Lord for evermore. And he knew that a blessed portion and a blessing had come to
Shem and his sons unto the generations for ever -the whole land of Eden and the
whole land of the Red Sea, and the whole land of the east and India, and on the
Red Sea and the mountains thereof, and all the land of Bashan, and all the land
of Lebanon and the islands of Kaftur, and all the mountains of Sanir and 'Amana,
and the mountains of Asshur in the north, and all the land of Elam, Asshur, and
Babel, and Susan and Ma'edai, and all the mountains of Ararat, and all the
region beyond the sea, which is beyond the mountains of Asshur towards the
22 north, a blessed and spacious land, and all that is in it is very good.
And for Ham came forth the second portion, beyond the Gihon towards the south to
the right of the Garden, and it extends towards the south and it extends to all
the mountains of fire, and it extends towards the west to the sea of 'Atel and
it extends towards the west till it reaches the sea of Ma'uk -that (sea) into
which
23 everything which is not destroyed descends. And it goes forth
towards the north to the limits of Gadir, and it goes forth to the coast of the
waters of the sea to the waters of the great sea till it draws near to the river
Gihon, and goes along the river Gihon till it reaches the right of the Garden
24 of Eden. And this is the land which came forth for Ham as the portion
which he was to occupy
25 for ever for himself and his sons unto their
generations for ever. And for Japheth came forth the third portion beyond the
river Tina to the north of the outflow of its waters, and it extends north-
26 easterly to the whole region of Gog, and to all the country east thereof.
And it extends northerly to the north, and it extends to the mountains of Qelt
towards the north, and towards the sea of
27 Ma'uk, and it goes forth to the
east of Gadir as far as the region of the waters of the sea. And it extends
until it approaches the west of Fara and it returns towards 'Aferag, and it
extends easterly
28 to the waters of the sea of Me'at. And it extends to the
region of the river Tina in a north-easterly direction until it approaches the
boundary of its waters towards the mountain Rafa, and it turns
29 round
towards the north. This is the land which came forth for Japheth and his sons as
the portion of his inheritance which he should possess for himself and his sons,
for their generations for ever;
30 five great islands, and a great land in
the north. But it is cold, and the land of Ham is hot, and the land of Shem is
neither hot nor cold, but it is of blended cold and heat.
1 And Ham divided amongst his sons, and the first portion came forth for
Cush towards the east, and to the west of him for Mizraim, and to the west of
him for Put, and to the west of him
2 [and to the west thereof] on the sea
for Canaan. And Shem also divided amongst his sons, and the first portion came
forth for Ham and his sons, to the east of the river Tigris till it approachcs
the east, the whole land of India, and on the Red Sea on its coast, and the
waters of Dedan, and all the mountains of Mebri and Ela, and all the land of
Susan and all that is on the side of Pharnak
3 to the Red Sea and the river
Tina. And for Asshur came forth the second Portion, all the land of
4 Asshur
and Nineveh and Shinar and to the border of India, and it ascends and skirts the
river. And for Arpachshad came forth the third portion, all the land of the
region of the Chaldees to the east of the Euphrates, bordering on the Red Sea,
and all the waters of the desert close to the tongue of the sea which looks
towards Egypt, all the land of Lebanon and Sanir and 'Amana to the border of the
5 Euphrates. And for Aram there came forth the fourth portion, all the land
of Mesopotamia between the Tigris and the Euphrates to the north of the Chaldees
to the border of the mountains
6 of Asshur and the land of 'Arara. And there
came forth for Lud the fifth portion, the mountains of Asshur and all
appertaining to them till it reaches the Great Sea, and till it reaches the east
of
7, 8 Asshur his brother. And Japheth also divided the land of his
inheritance amongst his sons. And the first portion came forth for Gomer to the
east from the north side to the river Tina; and in the north there came forth
for Magog all the inner portions of the north until it reaches to the sea of
9 Me'at. And for Madai came forth as his portion that he should posses from
the west of his two
10 brothers to the islands, and to the coasts of the
islands. And for Javan came forth the fourth
11 portion every island and the
islands which are towards the border of Lud. And for Tubal there came forth the
fifth portion in the midst of the tongue which approaches towards the border of
the portion of Lud to the second tongue, to the region beyond the second tongue
unto the third tongue.
12 And for Meshech came forth the sixth portion, all
the region beyond the third tongue till it
13 approaches the east of Gadir.
And for Tiras there came forth the seventh portion, four great islands in the
midst of the sea, which reach to the portion of Ham [and the islands of Kamaturi
14 came out by lot for the sons of Arpachshad as his inheritance]. And thus
the sons of Noah divided unto their sons in the presence of Noah their father,
and he bound them all by an oath, imprecating
15 a curse on every one that
sought to seize the portion which had not fallen (to him) by his lot. And they
all said, 'So be it; so be it ' for themselves and their sons for ever
throughout their generations till the day of judgment, on which the Lord God
shall judge them with a sword and with fire for all the unclean wickedness of
their errors, wherewith they have filled the earth with transgression and
uncleanness and fornication and sin.
1 And in the third week of this jubilee the unclean demons began to lead
astray the children of
2 the sons of Noah, and to make to err and destroy
them. And the sons of Noah came to Noah their father, and they told him
concerning the demons which were leading astray and blinding and
3 slaying
his sons' sons. And he prayed before the Lord his God, and said:
'God of the
spirits of all flesh, who hast shown mercy unto me
And hast saved me and my
sons from the waters of the flood,
And hast not caused me to perish as Thou
didst the sons of perdition;
And great has been Thy mercy to
my soul;
And let not wicked spirits rule
over them
Lest they should destroy them from the earth.
5 And Thou knowest how Thy Watchers, the fathers of
these spirits, acted in my day: and as for these spirits which are living,
imprison them and hold them fast in the place of condemnation, and let them not
bring destruction on the sons of thy servant, my God; for these are malignant,
and
6 created in order to destroy. And let them not rule over the spirits of
the living; for Thou alone canst exercise dominion over them. And let them not
have power over the sons of the righteous
7,8 from henceforth and for
evermore.' And the Lord our God bade us to bind all. And the chief of the
spirits, Mastema, came and said: 'Lord, Creator, let some of them remain before
me, and let them harken to my voice, and do all that I shall say unto them; for
if some of them are not left to me, I shall not be able to execute the power of
my will on the sons of men; for these are for corruption and leading astray
before my judgment, for great is the wickedness of the sons of men.'
9 And
He said: Let the tenth part of them remain before him, and let nine parts
descend into the
10 place of condemnation.' And one of us He commanded that
we should teach Noah all their
11 medicines; for He knew that they would not
walk in uprightness, nor strive in righteousness. And we did according to all
His words: all the malignant evil ones we bound in the place of condemna-
12
tion and a tenth part of them we left that they might be subject before Satan on
the earth. And we explained to Noah all the medicines of their diseases,
together with their seductions, how he
13 might heal them with herbs of the
earth. And Noah wrote down all things in a book as we instructed him concerning
every kind of medicine. Thus the evil spirits were precluded from
14
(hurting) the sons of Noah. And he gave all that he had written to Shem, his
eldest son; for he
15 loved him exceedingly above all his sons. And Noah
slept with his fathers, and was buried on
16 Mount Lubar in the land of
Ararat. Nine hundred and fifty years he completed in his life, nineteen
17
jubilees and two weeks and five years. [1659 A.M.] And in his life on earth he
excelled the children of men save Enoch because of the righteousness, wherein he
was perfect. For Enoch's office was ordained for a testimony to the generations
of the world, so that he should recount all the deeds of generation
18 unto
generation, till the day of judgment. And in the three and thirtieth jubilee, in
the first year in the second week, Peleg took to himself a wife, whose name was
Lomna the daughter of Sina'ar, and she bare him a son in the fourth year of this
week, and he called his name Reu; for he said: 'Behold the children of men have
become evil through the wicked purpose of building for themselves
19 a city
and a tower in the land of Shinar.' For they departed from the land of Ararat
eastward to Shinar; for in his days they built the city and the tower, saying,
'Go to, let us ascend thereby into
20 heaven.' And they began to build, and
in the fourth week they made brick with fire, and the bricks served them for
stone, and the clay with which they cemented them together was asphalt which
21 comes out of the sea, and out of the fountains of water in the land of
Shinar. And they built it: forty and three years [1645-1688 A.M.] were they
building it; its breadth was 203 bricks, and the height (of a brick) was the
third of one; its height amounted to 5433 cubits and 2 palms, and (the extent of
one wall
22 was) thirteen stades (and of the other thirty stades). And the
Lord our God said unto us: Behold, they are one people, and (this) they begin to
do, and now nothing will be withholden from them. Go to, let us go down and
confound their language, that they may not understand one another's speech, and
they may be dispersed into cities and nations, and one purpose will no longer
abide with
23 them till the day of judgment.' And the Lord descended, and we
descended with him to see the
24 city and the tower which the children of
men had built. And he confounded their language, and they no longer understood
one another's speech, and they ceased then to build the city and the
25
tower. For this reason the whole land of Shinar is called Babel, because the
Lord did there confound all the language of the children of men, and from thence
they were dispersed into their
26 cities, each according to his language and
his nation. And the Lord sent a mighty wind against the tower and overthrew it
upon the earth, and behold it was between Asshur and Babylon in the
27 land
of Shinar, and they called its name 'Overthrow'. In the fourth week in the first
year [1688 A.M.] in the beginning thereof in the four and thirtieth jubilee,
were they dispersed from the land of Shinar.
28 And Ham and his sons went
into the land which he was to occupy, which he acquired as his portion
29 in
the land of the south. And Canaan saw the land of Lebanon to the river of Egypt,
that it was very good, and he went not into the land of his inheritance to the
west (that is to) the sea, and he dwelt in the land of Lebanon, eastward and
westward from the border of Jordan and from the border
30 of the sea. And
Ham, his father, and Cush and Mizraim his brothers said unto him: 'Thou hast
settled in a land which is not thine, and which did not fall to us by lot: do
not do so; for if thou dost do so, thou and thy sons will fall in the land and
(be) accursed through sedition; for by sedition
31 ye have settled, and by
sedition will thy children fall, and thou shalt be rooted out for ever. Dwell
32 not in the dwelling of Shem; for to Shem and to his sons did it come by
their lot. Cursed art thou, and cursed shalt thou be beyond all the sons of
Noah, by the curse by which we bound our-
33 selves by an oath in the
presence of the holy judge, and in the presence of Noah our father.' But he did
not harken unto them, and dwelt in the land of Lebanon from Hamath to the
entering of
34,35 Egypt, he and his sons until this day. And for this reason
that land is named Canaan. And Japheth and his sons went towards the sea and
dwelt in the land of their portion, and Madai saw the land of the sea and it did
not please him, and he begged a (portion) from Ham and Asshur and Arpachshad,
his wife's brother, and he dwelt in the land of Media, near to his wife's
brother until
36 this day. And he called his dwelling-place, and the
dwelling-place of his sons, Media, after the name of their father Madai.
1 And in the thirty-fifth jubilee, in the third week, in the first year
[1681 A.M.] thereof, Reu took to himself a wife, and her name was 'Ora, the
daughter of 'Ur, the son of Kesed, and she bare him a son, and
2 he called
his name Seroh, in the seventh year of this week in this jubilee. [1687 A.M.]
And the sons of Noah began to war on each other, to take captive and to slay
each other, and to shed the blood of men on the earth, and to eat blood, and to
build strong cities, and walls, and towers, and individuals (began) to exalt
themselves above the nation, and to found the beginnings of kingdoms, and to go
to war people against people, and nation against nation, and city against city,
and all (began) to do evil, and to acquire arms, and to teach their sons war,
and they began to capture cities, and to sell
3 male and female slaves. And
'Ur, the son of Kesed, built the city of 'Ara of the Chaldees, and called its
name after his own name and the name of his father. And they made for themselves
molten images, and they worshipped each the idol, the molten image which they
had made for themselves, and they began to make graven images and unclean
simulacra, and malignant spirits
5 assisted and seduced (them) into
committing transgression and uncleanness. And the prince Mastema exerted himself
to do all this, and he sent forth other spirits, those which were put under his
hand, to do all manner of wrong and sin, and all manner of transgression, to
corrupt and destroy,
6 and to shed blood upon the earth. For this reason he
called the name of Seroh, Serug, for every one
7 turned to do all manner of
sin and transgression. And he grew up, and dwelt in Ur of the Chaldees, near to
the father of his wife's mother, and he worshipped idols, and he took to himself
a wife in the thirty-sixth jubilee, in the fifth week, in the first year
thereof, [1744 A.M.] and her name was Melka, the daughter
8 of Kaber, the
daughter of his father's brother. And she bare him Nahor, in the first year of
this week, and he grew and dwelt in Ur of the Chaldees, and his father taught
him the researches of the
9 Chaldees to divine and augur, according to the
signs of heaven. And in the thirty-seventh jubilee in the sixth week, in the
first year thereof, [1800 A.M.] he took to himself a wife, and her name was
'Ijaska, the
10 daughter of Nestag of the Chaldees. And she bare him Terah
in the seventh year of this week. [1806 A.M.]
12 in the seed, the ravens
picked (it) from the surface of the ground. And for this reason he called his
name Terah because the ravens and the birds reduced them to destitution and
devoured their
13 seed. And the years began to be barren, owing to the
birds, and they devoured all the fruit of the trees from the trees: it was only
with great effort that they could save a little of all the fruit of the
14
earth in their days. And in this thirty-ninth jubilee, in the second week in the
first year, [1870 A.M.] Terah took to himself a wife, and her name was 'Edna,
the daughter of 'Abram, the daughter of his father's sister. And in the seventh
year of this week [1876 A.M.] she bare him a son, and he called his name Abram,
15 by the name of the father of his mother; for he had died before his
daughter had conceived a son.
16 And the child began to understand the
errors of the earth that all went astray after graven images and after
uncleanness, and his father taught him writing, and he was two weeks of years
old, [1890 A.M.] and he
17 separated himself from his father, that he might
not worship idols with him. And he began to pray to the Creator of all things
that He might save him from the errors of the children of men, and that
18
his portion should not fall into error after uncleanness and vileness. And the
seed time came for the sowing of seed upon the land, and they all went forth
together to protect their seed against the
19 ravens, and Abram went forth
with those that went, and the child was a lad of fourteen years. And a cloud of
ravens came to devour the seed, and Abram ran to meet them before they settled
on the ground, and cried to them before they settled on the ground to devour the
seed, and said, ' Descend
20 not: return to the place whence ye came,' and
they proceeded to turn back. And he caused the clouds of ravens to turn back
that day seventy times, and of all the ravens throughout all the land
21
where Abram was there settled there not so much as one. And all who were with
him throughout all the land saw him cry out, and all the ravens turn back, and
his name became great in all the
22 land of the Chaldees. And there came to
him this year all those that wished to sow, and he went with them until the time
of sowing ceased: and they sowed their land, and that year they brought
23
enough grain home and eat and were satisfied. And in the first year of the fifth
week [1891 A.M.] Abram taught those who made implements for oxen, the artificers
in wood, and they made a vessel above the ground, facing the frame of the
plough, in order to put the seed thereon, and the seed fell down therefrom upon
the share of the plough, and was hidden in the earth, and they no longer feared
the
24 ravens. And after this manner they made (vessels) above the ground on
all the frames of the ploughs, and they sowed and tilled all the land, according
as Abram commanded them, and they no longer feared the birds.
1 And it came to pass in the sixth week, in the seventh year thereof,
[1904 A.M.] that Abram said to Terah his
2 father, saying, 'Father!' And he
said, 'Behold, here am I, my son.' And he said,
And before which thou dost bow thyself?
For they are dumb forms, and a
misleading of the heart.
Worship them not:
Who causes the rain and the dew to descend
on the earth
And does everything upon the earth,
And all life is from before His
face.
For they are the
work of (men's) hands,
And ye have no help from them,
And a
misleading of the heart to those who worship them:
Worship them not.'
7 made me to serve before them? And if I tell them
the truth, they will slay me; for their soul cleaves to them to worship them and
honour them. Keep silent, my son, lest they slay thee.' And
9 these words he
spake to his two brothers, and they were angry with him and he kept silent. And
in the fortieth jubilee, in the second week, in the seventh year thereof, [1925
A.M.] Abram took to himself a wife,
10 and her name was Sarai, the daughter
of his father, and she became his wife. And Haran, his brother, took to himself
a wife in the third year of the third week, [1928 A.M.] and she bare him a son
in the
11 seventh year of this week, [1932 A.M.] and he called his name Lot.
And Nahor, his brother, took to himself
12 a wife. And in the sixtieth year
of the life of Abram, that is, in the fourth week, in the fourth year thereof,
[1936 A.M.] Abram arose by night, and burned the house of the idols, and he
burned all that was in the
13 house and no man knew it. And they arose in
the night and sought to save their gods from the
14 midst of the fire. And
Haran hasted to save them, but the fire flamed over him, and he was burnt in the
fire, and he died in Ur of the Chaldees before Terah his father, and they buried
him in Ur of
15 the Chaldees. And Terah went forth from Ur of the Chaldees,
he and his sons, to go into the land of Lebanon and into the land of Canaan, and
he dwelt in the land of Haran, and Abram dwelt with
16 Terah his father in
Haran two weeks of years. And in the sixth week, in the fifth year thereof,
[1951 A.M.] Abram sat up throughout the night on the new moon of the seventh
month to observe the stars from the evening to the morning, in order to see what
would be the character of the year with regard
17 to the rains, and he was
alone as he sat and observed. And a word came into his heart and he said: All
the signs of the stars, and the signs of the moon and of the sun are all in the
hand of the Lord. Why do I search (them) out?
And if He
desires, He withholds it,
And all things are in his hand.'
'My God, God Most High, Thou alone
art my God,
And Thee and Thy dominion have I chosen.
And Thou hast
created all things,
And all things that are the work of thy hands.
And let them not lead me astray from Thee, my God.
That we go not astray from
henceforth and for evermore.'
22 And he made an
end of speaking and praying, and behold the word of the Lord was sent to him
through me, saying: 'Get thee up from thy country, and from thy kindred and from
the house of thy father unto a land which I will show thee, and I shall make
thee a great and numerous nation.
And I will make thy name great,
And thou
shalt be blessed in the earth,
And in Thee shall all families of the earth
be blessed,
And I will bless them that bless thee,
And curse them that
curse thee.
25 henceforth and unto all generations of the earth
I am thy God.' And the Lord God said: 'Open his mouth and his ears, that he may
hear and speak with his mouth, with the language which has been revealed'; for
it had ceased from the mouths of all the children of men from the day of the
26 overthrow (of Babel). And I opened his mouth, and his ears and his lips,
and I began to speak
27 with him in Hebrew in the tongue of the creation.
And he took the books of his fathers, and these were written in Hebrew, and he
transcribed them, and he began from henceforth to study them, and I made known
to him that which he could not (understand), and he studied them during the six
28 rainy months. And it came to pass in the seventh year of the sixth week
[1953 A.M.] that he spoke to his father and informed him, that he would leave
Haran to go into the land of Canaan to see it and
29 return to him. And
Terah his father said unto him; Go in peace:
And the Lord [(be) with thee,
and] protect thee from all evil,
And grant unto thee grace, mercy and favour
before those who see thee,
And may none of the children of men have power
over thee to harm thee;
Go in peace.
31 Lot with thee, the son of Haran thy brother as
thine own son: the Lord be with thee. And Nahor thy brother leave with me till
thou returnest in peace, and we go with thee all together.'
1 And Abram journeyed from Haran, and he took Sarai, his wife, and Lot,
his brother Haran's son, to the land of Canaan, and he came into Asshur, and
proceeded to Shechem, and dwelt near
2 a lofty oak. And he saw, and, behold,
the land was very pleasant from the entering of Hamath to
3 the lofty oak.
And the Lord said to him: 'To thee and to thy seed will I give this land.' And
4 he built an altar there, and he offered thereon a burnt sacrifice to the
Lord, who had appeared to
5 him. And he removed from thence unto the
mountain . . . Bethel on the west and Ai on the
6 east, and pitched his tent
there. And he saw and behold, the land was very wide and good, and everything
grew thereon -vines and figs and pomegranates, oaks and ilexes, and terebinths
and oil trees, and cedars and cypresses and date trees, and all trees of the
field, and there was water on the
7 mountains. And he blessed the Lord who
had led him out of Ur of the Chaldees, and had brought
8 him to this land.
And it came to pass in the first year, in the seventh week, on the new moon of
the first month, 1954 A.M.] that he built an altar on this mountain, and called
on the name of the Lord: 'Thou,
9 the eternal God, art my God.' And he
offered on the altar a burnt sacrifice unto the Lord that He
10 should be
with him and not forsake him all the days of his life. And he removed from
thence and went towards the south, and he came to Hebron and Hebron was built at
that time, and he dwelt there two years, and he went (thence) into the land of
the south, to Bealoth, and there was a famine
11 in the land. And Abram went
into Egypt in the third year of the week, and he dwelt in Egypt
12 five
years before his wife was torn away from him. Now Tanais in Egypt was at that
time built-
13 seven years after Hebron. And it came to pass when Pharaoh
seized Sarai, the wife of Abram that the Lord plagued Pharaoh and his house with
great plagues because of Sarai, Abram's wife.
14 And Abram was very glorious
by reason of possessions in sheep, and cattle, and asses, and horses, and
camels, and menservants, and maidservants, and in silver and gold exceedingly.
And Lot also
15 his brother's son, was wealthy. And Pharaoh gave back Sarai,
the wife of Abram, and he sent him out of the land of Egypt, and he journeyed to
the place where he had pitched his tent at the beginning, to the place of the
altar, with Ai on the east, and Bethel on the west, and he blessed the
16
Lord his God who had brought him back in peace. And it came to pass in the
forty-first jubilee in the third year of the first week, [1963 A.M.] that he
returned to this place and offered thereon a burnt sacrifice, and called on the
name of the Lord, and said: 'Thou, the most high God, art my God for ever
17
and ever.' And in the fourth year of this week [1964 A.M.] Lot parted from him,
and Lot dwelt in Sodom, and
18 the men of Sodom were sinners exceedingly.
And it grieved him in his heart that his brother's
19 son had parted from
him; for he had no children. In that year when Lot was taken captive, the Lord
said unto Abram, after that Lot had parted from him, in the fourth year of this
week: 'Lift up thine eyes from the place where thou art dwelling, northward and
southward, and westward and
20 eastward. For all the land which thou seest I
will give to thee and to thy seed for ever, and I will make thy seed as the sand
of the sea: though a man may number the dust of the earth, yet
21 thy seed
shall not be numbered. Arise, walk (through the land) in the length of it and
the breadth of it, and see it all; for to thy seed will I give it.' And Abram
went to Hebron, and dwelt there.
22 And in this year came Chedorlaomer, king
of Elam, and Amraphel, king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Sellasar, and Tergal,
king of nations, and slew the king of Gomorrah, and the king of Sodom
23
fled, and many fell through wounds in the vale of Siddim, by the Salt Sea. And
they took captive Sodom and Adam and Zeboim, and they took captive Lot also, the
son of Abram's brother, and
24 all his possessions, and they went to Dan.
And one who had escaped came and told Abram that
25 his brother's son had
been taken captive and (Abram) armed his household servants . . .
. . . .
for Abram, and for his seed, a tenth of the first fruits to the Lord, and the
Lord ordained it as an ordinance for ever that they should give it to the
priests
26 who served before Him, that they should possess it for ever. And
to this law there is no limit of days; for He hath ordained it for the
generations for ever that they should give to the Lord the tenth of everything,
of the seed and of the wine and of the oil and of the cattle and of the sheep.
27,28 And He gave (it) unto His priests to eat and to drink with joy before
Him. And the king of Sodom came to him and bowed himself before him, and said:
'Our Lord Abram, give unto us the
29 souls which thou hast rescued, but let
the booty be thine.' And Abram said unto him: 'I lift up my hands to the Most
High God, that from a thread to a shoe-latchet I shall not take aught that is
thine lest thou shouldst say, I have made Abram rich; save only what the young
men have eaten, and the portion of the men who went with me -Aner, Eschol, and
Mamre. These shall take their portion.'
1 After these things, in the fourth year of this week, on the new moon
of the third month, the word of the Lord came to Abram in a dream, saying: 'Fear
not, Abram; I am thy defender, and
2 thy reward will be exceeding great.'
And he said: 'Lord, Lord, what wilt thou give me, seeing I go hence childless,
and the son of Maseq, the son of my handmaid, is the Dammasek Eliezer: he
3
will be my heir, and to me thou hast given no seed.' And he said unto him: 'This
(man) will not
4 be thy heir, but one that will come out of thine own
bowels; he will be thine heir.' And He brought him forth abroad, and said unto
him: 'Look toward heaven and number the stars if thou
5 art able to number
them.' And he looked toward heaven, and beheld the stars. And He said
6 unto
him: 'So shall thy seed be.' And he believed in the Lord, and it was counted to
him for
7 righteousness. And He said unto him: 'I am the Lord that brought
thee out of Ur of the Chaldees, to give thee the land of the Canaanites to
possess it for ever; and I will be God unto thee and to
8 thy seed after
thee.' And he said: 'Lord, Lord, whereby shall I know that I shall inherit
(it)?'
9 And He said unto him: 'Take Me an heifer of three years, and a goat
of three years, and a sheep
10 of three years, and a turtle-dove, and a
pigeon.' And he took all these in the middle of the month
11 and he dwelt at
the oak of Mamre, which is near Hebron. And he built there an altar, and
sacrificed all these; and he poured their blood upon the altar, and divided them
in the midst, and
12 laid them over against each other; but the birds
divided he not. And birds came down upon the
13 pieces, and Abram drove them
away, and did not suffer the birds to touch them. And it came to pass, when the
sun had set, that an ecstasy fell upon Abram, and lo ! an horror of great
darkness fell upon him, and it was said unto Abram: 'Know of a surety that thy
seed shall be a stranger in a land (that is) not theirs, and they shall bring
them into bondage, and afflict them four hundred
14 years. And the nation
also to whom they will be in bondage will I judge, and after that they shall
15 come forth thence with much substance. And thou shalt go to thy fathers
in peace, and be buried
16 in a good old age. But in the fourth generation
they shall return hither; for the iniquity of the
17 Amorites is not yet
full.' And he awoke from his sleep, and he arose, and the sun had set; and there
was a flame, and behold ! a furnace was smoking, and a flame of fire passed
between the
18 pieces. And on that day the Lord made a covenant with Abram,
saying: 'To thy seed will I give this land, from the river of Egypt unto the
great river, the river Euphrates, the Kenites, the Kenizzites, the Kadmonites,
the Perizzites, and the Rephaim, the Phakorites, and the Hivites, and the
19
Amorites, and the Canaanites, and the Girgashites, and the Jebusites. And the
day passed, and Abram offered the pieces, and the birds, and their fruit
offerings, and their drink offerings, and
20 the fire devoured them. And on
that day we made a covenant with Abram, according as we had covenanted with Noah
in this month; and Abram renewed the festival and ordinance for himself
21
for ever. And Abram rejoiced, and made all these things known to Sarai his wife;
and he believed
22 that he would have seed, but she did not bear. And Sarai
advised her husband Abram, and said unto him: 'Go in unto Hagar, my Egyptian
maid: it may be that I shall build up seed unto thee
23 by her.' And Abram
harkened unto the voice of Sarai his wife, and said unto her, 'Do (so).' And
Sarai took Hagar, her maid, the Egyptian, and gave her to Abram, her husband, to
be his
24 wife. And he went in unto her, and she conceived and bare him a
son, and he called his name Ishmael, in the fifth year of this week [1965 A.M.];
and this was the eighty-sixth year in the life of Abram.
1 And in the fifth year of the fourth week of this jubilee, [1979 A.M.]
in the third month, in the middle of the
2 month, Abram celebrated the feast
of the first-fruits of the grain harvest. And he offered new offerings on the
altar, the first-fruits of the produce, unto the Lord, an heifer and a goat and
a sheep on the altar as a burnt sacrifice unto the Lord; their fruit offerings
and their drink offerings he
3 offered upon the altar with frankincense. And
the Lord appeared to Abram, and said unto him:
4 'I am God Almighty; approve
thyself before me and be thou perfect. And I will make My covenant between Me
and thee, and I will multiply thee exceedingly.' And Abram fell on his face, and
God talked with him, and said:
And thou shalt be the father of many
nations.
But thy name from
henceforth, even for ever, shall be Abraham.
For the father of many nations
have I made thee.
And I will make thee into nations,
And kings shall come forth from thee.
10
11 the land of
Canaan, that thou mayst possess it for ever, and I will be their God.' And the
Lord said unto Abraham: 'And as for thee, do thou keep my covenant, thou and thy
seed after thee: and circumcise ye every male among you, and circumcise your
foreskins, and it shall be a token of
12 an eternal covenant between Me and
you. And the child on the eighth day ye shall circumcise, every male throughout
your generations, him that is born in the house, or whom ye have bought
13
with money from any stranger, whom ye have acquired who is not of thy seed. He
that is born in thy house shall surely be circumcised, and those whom thou hast
bought with money shall be circum-
14 cised, and My covenant shall be in
your flesh for an eternal ordinance. And the uncircumcised male who is not
circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin on the eighth day, that soul shall be
cut off from
15 his people, for he has broken My covenant.' And God said
unto Abraham: 'As for Sarai thy wife,
16 her name shall no more be called
Sarai, but Sarah shall be her name. And I will bless her, and give thee a son by
her, and I will bless him, and he shall become a nation, and kings of nations
shall
17 proceed from him.' And Abraham fell on his face, and rejoiced, and
said in his heart: 'Shall a son be born to him that is a hundred years old, and
shall Sarah, who is ninety years old, bring forth?'
18,19 And Abraham said
unto God: 'O that Ishmael might live before thee!' And God said: 'Yea, and Sarah
also shall bear thee a son, and thou shalt call his name Isaac, and I will
establish My
20 covenant with him, an everlasting covenant, and for his seed
after him. And as for Ishmael also have I heard thee, and behold I will bless
him, and make him great, and multiply him exceedingly,
21 and he shall beget
twelve princes, and I will make him a great nation. But My covenant will
22
I establish with Isaac, whom Sarah shall bear to thee, in these days, in the
next year.' And He left
23 off speaking with him, and God went up from
Abraham. And Abraham did according as God had said unto him, and he took Ishmael
his son, and all that were born in his house, and whom he had
24 bought with
his money, every male in his house, and circumcised the flesh of their foreskin.
And on the selfsame day was Abraham circumcised, and all the men of his
house,
25 circumcised with him.
This law is for all the generations for ever, and there is no circumcision of
the days, and no omission of one day out of the eight days; for it is an eternal
ordinance, ordained
26 and written on the heavenly tablets. And every one
that is born, the flesh of whose foreskin is not circumcised on the eighth day,
belongs not to the children of the covenant which the Lord made with Abraham,
but to the children of destruction; nor is there, moreover, any sign on him that
he is the Lord's, but (he is destined) to be destroyed and slain from the earth,
and to be rooted out of
27 the earth, for he has broken the covenant of the
Lord our God. For all the angels of the presence and all the angels of
sanctification have been so created from the day of their creation, and before
the angels of the presence and the angels of sanctification He hath sanctified
Israel, that they should
28 be with Him and with His holy angels. And do
thou command the children of Israel and let them observe the sign of this
covenant for their generations as an eternal ordinance, and they will not be
29 rooted out of the land. For the command is ordained for a covenant, that
they should observe it
30 for ever among all the children of Israel. For
Ishmael and his sons and his brothers and Esau, the Lord did not cause to
approach Him, and he chose them not because they are the children of
31
Abraham, because He knew them, but He chose Israel to be His people. And He
sanctified it, and gathered it from amongst all the children of men; for there
are many nations and many peoples, and all are His, and over all hath He placed
spirits in authority to lead them astray from Him.
32 But over Israel He did
not appoint any angel or spirit, for He alone is their ruler, and He will
preserve them and require them at the hand of His angels and His spirits, and at
the hand of all His powers in order that He may preserve them and bless them,
and that they may be His and He
33 may be theirs from henceforth for ever.
And now I announce unto thee that the children of Israel will not keep true to
this ordinance, and they will not circumcise their sons according to all this
law; for in the flesh of their circumcision they will omit this circumcision of
their sons, and all of them,
34 sons of Beliar, will leave their sons
uncircumcised as they were born. And there will be great wrath from the Lord
against the children of Israel. because they have forsaken His covenant and
turned aside from His word, and provoked and blasphemed, inasmuch as they do not
observe the ordinance of this law; for they have treated their members like the
Gentiles, so that they may be removed and rooted out of the land. And there will
no more be pardon or forgiveness unto them [so that there should be forgiveness
and pardon] for all the sin of this eternal error.
1 And on the new moon of the fourth month we appeared unto Abraham, at
the oak of Mamre, and we talked with him, and we announced to him that a son
would be given to him by Sarah his wife.
2 And Sarah laughed, for she heard
that we had spoken these words with Abraham, and we admonished
3 her, and
she became afraid, and denied that she had laughed on account of the words. And
we told her the name of her son, as his name is ordained and written in the
heavenly tablets (i.e.) Isaac,
4,5 And (that) when we returned to her at a
set time, she would have conceived a son. And in this month the Lord executed
his judgments on Sodom, and Gomorrah, and Zeboim, and all the region of the
Jordan, and He burned them with fire and brimstone, and destroyed them until
this day, even as [lo] I have declared unto thee all their works, that they are
wicked and sinners exceedingly, and that they defile themselves and commit
fornication in their flesh, and work uncleanness on the earth.
6 And, in
like manner, God will execute judgment on the places where they have done
according to
7 the uncleanness of the Sodomites, like unto the judgment of
Sodom. But Lot we saved; for God
8 remembered Abraham, and sent him out from
the midst of the overthrow. And he and his daughters committed sin upon the
earth, such as had not been on the earth since the days of Adam till his
9
time; for the man lay with his daughters. And, behold, it was commanded and
engraven concerning all his seed, on the heavenly tablets, to remove them and
root them out, and to execute judgment upon them like the judgment of Sodom, and
to leave no seed of the man on earth on the day
10 of condemnation. And in
this month Abraham moved from Hebron, and departed and dwelt between
11
Kadesh and Shur in the mountains of Gerar. And in the middle of the fifth month
he moved from
12 thence, and dwelt at the Well of the Oath. And in the
middle of the sixth month the Lord visited
13 Sarah and did unto her as He
had spoken and she conceived. And she bare a son in the third month, and in the
middle of the month, at the time of which the Lord had spoken to Abraham, on
14 the festival of the first fruits of the harvest, Isaac was born. And
Abraham circumcised his son on the eighth day: he was the first that was
circumcised according to the covenant which is ordained
15 for ever. And in
the sixth year of the fourth week we came to Abraham, to the Well of the Oath,
and we appeared unto him [as we had told Sarah that we should return to her, and
she would have
16 conceived a son. And we returned in the seventh month, and
found Sarah with child before us] and we blessed him, and we announced to him
all the things which had been decreed concerning him, that he should not die
till he should beget six sons more, and should see (them) before he died; but
17 (that) in Isaac should his name and seed be called: And (that) all the
seed of his sons should be Gentiles, and be reckoned with the Gentiles; but from
the sons of Isaac one should become a holy
18 seed, and should not be
reckoned among the Gentiles. For he should become the portion of the Most High,
and all his seed had fallen into the possession of God, that it should be unto
the Lord a people for (His) possession above all nations and that it should
become a kingdom and priests and
19 a holy nation. And we went our way, and
we announced to Sarah all that we had told him, and
20 they both rejoiced
with exceeding great joy. And he built there an altar to the Lord who had
delivered him, and who was making him rejoice in the land of his sojourning, and
he celebrated a festival of joy in this month seven days, near the altar which
he had built at the Well of the Oath.
21 And he built booths for himself and
for his servants on this festival, and he was the first to celebrate
22 the
feast of tabernacles on the earth. And during these seven days he brought each
day to the altar a burnt offering to the Lord, two oxen, two rams, seven sheep,
one he-goat, for a sin offering,
23 that he might atone thereby for himself
and for his seed. And, as a thank-offering, seven rams, seven kids, seven sheep,
and seven he-goats, and their fruit offerings and their drink offerings; and he
burnt all the fat thereof on the altar, a chosen offering unto the Lord for a
sweet smelling savour.
24 And morning and evening he burnt fragrant
substances, frankincense and galbanum, and stackte, and nard, and myrrh, and
spice, and costum; all these seven he offered, crushed, mixed together in
25
equal parts (and) pure. And he celebrated this feast during seven days,
rejoicing with all his heart and with all his soul, he and all those who were in
his house, and there was no stranger with him,
26 nor any that was
uncircumcised. And he blessed his Creator who had created him in his generation,
for He had created him according to His good pleasure; for He knew and perceived
that from him would arise the plant of righteousness for the eternal
generations, and from him a holy seed, so that it
27 should become like Him
who had made all things. And he blessed and rejoiced, and he called the
28
name of this festival the festival of the Lord, a joy acceptable to the Most
High God. And we blessed him for ever, and all his seed after him throughout all
the generations of the earth, because
29 he celebrated this festival in its
season, according to the testimony of the heavenly tablets. For this reason it
is ordained on the heavenly tablets concerning Israel, that they shall celebrate
the feast of tabernacles seven days with joy, in the seventh month, acceptable
before the Lord -a statute for
30 ever throughout their generations every
year. And to this there is no limit of days; for it is ordained for ever
regarding Israel that they should celebrate it and dwell in booths, and set
wreaths upon
31 their heads, and take leafy boughs, and willows from the
brook. And Abraham took branches of palm trees, and the fruit of goodly trees,
and every day going round the altar with the branches seven times [a day] in the
morning, he praised and gave thanks to his God for all things in joy.
1 And in the first year of the fifth week Isaac was weaned in this
jubilee, [1982 A.M.] and Abraham made
2 a great banquet in the third month,
on the day his son Isaac was weaned. And Ishmael, the son of Hagar, the
Egyptian, was before the face of Abraham, his father, in his place, and Abraham
rejoiced
3 and blessed God because he had seen his sons and had not died
childless. And he remembered the words which He had spoken to him on the day on
which Lot had parted from him, and he rejoiced because the Lord had given him
seed upon the earth to inherit the earth, and he blessed with all his
4
mouth the Creator of all things. And Sarah saw Ishmael playing and dancing, and
Abraham rejoicing with great joy, and she became jealous of Ishmael and said to
Abraham, 'Cast out this
5 bondwoman and her son; for the son of this
bondwoman will not be heir with my son, Isaac.' And the thing was grievous in
Abraham's sight, because of his maidservant and because of his son,
6 that
he should drive them from him. And God said to Abraham 'Let it not be grievous
in thy sight, because of the child and because of the bondwoman; in all that
Sarah hath said unto thee,
7 harken to her words and do (them); for in Isaac
shall thy name and seed be called. But as for
8 the son of this bondwoman I
will make him a great nation, because he is of thy seed.' And Abraham rose up
early in the morning, and took bread and a bottle of water, and placed them on
the shoulders
9 of Hagar and the child, and sent her away. And she departed
and wandered in the wilderness of Beersheba, and the water in the bottle was
spent, and the child thirsted, and was not able to go on,
10 and fell down.
And his mother took him and cast him under an olive tree, and went and sat her
down over against him, at the distance of a bow-shot; for she said, 'Let me not
see the death of my
11 child,' and as she sat she wept. And an angel of God,
one of the holy ones, said unto her, 'Why weepest thou, Hagar? Arise take the
child, and hold him in thine hand; for God hath heard thy
12 voice, and hath
seen the child.' And she opened her eyes, and she saw a well of water, and she
went and filled her bottle with water, and she gave her child to drink, and she
arose and went towards
13 the wilderness of Paran. And the child grew and
became an archer, and God was with him, and his
14 mother took him a wife
from among the daughters of Egypt. And she bare him a son, and he called
15
his name Nebaioth; for she said, 'The Lord was nigh to me when I called upon
him.' And it came to pass in the seventh week, in the first year thereof, [2003
A.M.] in the first month in this jubilee, on the twelfth of this month, there
were voices in heaven regarding Abraham, that he was faithful in all that He
16 told him, and that he loved the Lord, and that in every affliction he was
faithful. And the prince Mastema came and said before God, 'Behold, Abraham
loves Isaac his son, and he delights in him above all things else; bid him offer
him as a burnt-offering on the altar, and Thou wilt see if he will do this
command, and Thou wilt know if he is faithful in everything wherein Thou dost
try him.
17 And the Lord knew that Abraham was faithful in all his
afflictions; for He had tried him through his country and with famine, and had
tried him with the wealth of kings, and had tried him again through his wife,
when she was torn (from him), and with circumcision; and had tried him through
18 Ishmael and Hagar, his maid-servant, when he sent them away. And in
everything wherein He had tried him, he was found faithful, and his soul was not
impatient, and he was not slow to act; for he was faithful and a lover of the
Lord.
1,2 And God said to him, 'Abraham, Abraham'; and he said, Behold, (here)
am I.' And he said, Take thy beloved son whom thou lovest, (even) Isaac, and go
unto the high country, and offer him
3 on one of the mountains which I will
point out unto thee.' And he rose early in the morning and saddled his ass, and
took his two young men with him, and Isaac his son, and clave the wood of the
4 burnt offering, and he went to the place on the third day, and he saw the
place afar off. And he came to a well of water, and he said to his young men,
'Abide ye here with the ass, and I and the
5 lad shall go (yonder), and when
we have worshipped we shall come again to you.' And he took the wood of the
burnt-offering and laid it on Isaac his son, and he took in his hand the fire
and the
6 knife, and they went both of them together to that place. And
Isaac said to his father, 'Father;' and he said, 'Here am I, my son.' And he
said unto him, 'Behold the fire, and the knife, and the
7 wood; but where is
the sheep for the burnt-offering, father?' And he said, 'God will provide for
himself a sheep for a burnt-offering, my son.' And he drew near to the place of
the mount of
8 God. And he built an altar, and he placed the wood on the
altar, and bound Isaac his son, and placed him on the wood which was upon the
altar, and stretched forth his hand to take the knife
9 to slay Isaac his
son. And I stood before him, and before the prince Mastema, and the Lord said,
'Bid him not to lay his hand on the lad, nor to do anything to him, for I have
shown that he fears
10 the Lord.' And I called to him from heaven, and said
unto him: 'Abraham, Abraham;' and he
11 was terrified and said: 'Behold,
(here) am I.' And I said unto him: 'Lay not thy hand upon the lad, neither do
thou anything to him; for now I have shown that thou fearest the Lord, and hast
12 not withheld thy son, thy first-born son, from me.' And the prince
Mastema was put to shame; and Abraham lifted up his eyes and looked, and, behold
a ram caught . . . by his horns, and Abraham
13 went and took the ram and
offered it for a burnt-offering in the stead of his son. And Abraham called that
place 'The Lord hath seen', so that it is said
14 Mount Sion. And the Lord called Abraham by his name a
second time from heaven, as he caused
15 us to appear to speak to him in the
name of the Lord. And he said: 'By Myself have I sworn, saith the Lord,
And hast not withheld thy son, thy
beloved son, from Me,
That in blessing I will bless thee,
As the stars of heaven, And
as the sand which is on the seashore.
16 And in thy seed
shall all nations of the earth be blessed;
And I have shown to all that thou art
faithful unto Me in all that I have said unto thee:
Go in peace.'
19 returned in peace. And
accordingly has it been ordained and written on the heavenly tablets regarding
Israel and its seed that they should observe this festival seven days with the
joy of festival.
1 And in the first year of the first week in the forty-second jubilee,
Abraham returned and dwelt
2 opposite Hebron, that is Kirjath Arba, two
weeks of years. And in the first year of the third week
3 of this jubilee
the days of the life of Sarah were accomplished, and she died in Hebron. And
Abraham went to mourn over her and bury her, and we tried him [to see] if his
spirit were patient and he were not indignant in the words of his mouth; and he
was found patient in this, and was not
4 disturbed. For in patience of
spirit he conversed with the children of Heth, to the intent that they
5
should give him a place in which to bury his dead. And the Lord gave him grace
before all who saw him, and he besought in gentleness the sons of Heth, and they
gave him the land of the double
6 cave over against Mamre, that is Hebron,
for four hundred pieces of silver. And they besought him saying, We shall give
it to thee for nothing; but he would not take it from their hands for nothing,
for he gave the price of the place, the money in full, and he bowed down before
them twice, and after
7 this he buried his dead in the double cave. And all
the days of the life of Sarah were one hundred and twenty-seven years, that is,
two jubilees and four weeks and one year: these are the days of the
8 years
of the life of Sarah. This is the tenth trial wherewith Abraham was tried, and
he was found
9 faithful, patient in spirit. And he said not a single word
regarding the rumour in the land how that God had said that He would give it to
him and to his seed after him, and he begged a place there to bury his dead; for
he was found faithful, and was recorded on the heavenly tablets as the friend of
10 God. And in the fourth year thereof he took a wife for his son Isaac and
her name was Rebecca [2020 A.M.] [the daughter of Bethuel, the son of Nahor, the
brother of Abraham] the sister of Laban and daughter of Bethuel; and Bethuel was
the son of Melca, who was the wife of Nahor, the brother of Abraham.
11 And
Abraham took to himself a third wife, and her name was Keturah, from among the
daughters of his household servants, for Hagar had died before Sarah. And she
bare him six sons, Zimram,
12 and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and
Ishbak, and Shuah, in the two weeks of years. And in
13 the sixth week, in
the second year thereof, Rebecca bare to Isaac two sons, Jacob and Esau, and
[2046 A.M.] Jacob was a smooth and upright man, and Esau was fierce, a man of
the field, and hairy, and Jacob
14 dwelt in tents. And the youths grew, and
Jacob learned to write; but Esau did not learn, for he
15 was a man of the
field and a hunter, and he learnt war, and all his deeds were fierce. And
Abraham
16 loved Jacob, but Isaac loved Esau. And Abraham saw the deeds of
Esau, and he knew that in Jacob should his name and seed be called; and he
called Rebecca and gave commandment regarding
17 Jacob, for he knew that she
(too) loved Jacob much more than Esau. And he said unto her:
For he shall be in my stead on the
earth,
And for a blessing in the midst of the children of men,
And for
the glory of the whole seed of Shem.
19 peoples that are upon the face of the earth. And
behold, Isaac my son loves Esau more than Jacob, but I see that thou truly
lovest Jacob.
And let thine eyes be upon
him in love;
For he shall be a blessing unto us on the earth from henceforth
unto all generations of the earth.
And let thy heart rejoice in thy son Jacob;
For I have loved him far beyond all my sons.
And his seed shall fill the whole earth.
His seed also shall be
numbered.
24 his seed alway. And in his seed shall my name be
blessed, and the name of my fathers, Shem, and
25 Noab, and Enoch, and
Mahalalel, and Enos, and Seth, and Adam. And these shall serve
And to strengthen the earth,
And to renew all the luminaries which are in the firmament.
27 said: 'Jacob, my beloved son, whom my soul loveth,
may God bless thee from above the firmament, and may He give thee all the
blessings wherewith He blessed Adam, and Enoch, and Noah, and Shem; and all the
things of which He told me, and all the things which He promised to give me, may
he cause to cleave to thee and to thy seed for ever, according to the days of
heaven above the
28 earth. And the Spirits of Mastema shall not rule over
thee or over thy seed to turn thee from the
29 Lord, who is thy God from
henceforth for ever. And may the Lord God be a father to thee and
30 thou
the first-born son, and to the people alway. Go in peace, my son.' And they both
went forth
31 together from Abraham. And Rebecca loved Jacob, with all her
heart and with all her soul, very much more than Esau; but Isaac loved Esau much
more than Jacob.
1 And in the forty-second jubilee, in the first year of the seventh
week, Abraham called Ishmael, [2052 (2045?) A.M.]
3 so walk with
regard to them as to do judgment and righteousness on the earth. That they
should circumcise their sons, according to the covenant which He had made with
them, and not deviate to the right hand or the left of all the paths which the
Lord had commanded us; and that we should keep ourselves from all fornication
and uncleanness, [and renounce from amongst us all fornication and
4
uncleanness]. And if any woman or maid commit fornication amongst you, burn her
with fire and let them not commit fornication with her after their eyes and
their heart; and let them not take to themselves wives from the daughters of
Canaan; for the seed of Canaan will be rooted out of
5 the land. And he told
them of the judgment of the giants, and the judgment of the Sodomites, how they
had been judged on account of their wickedness, and had died on account of their
fornication, and uncleanness, and mutual corruption through fornication.
And from
all pollution of sin,
And your whole life a hissing,
And ye become accursed
like Sodom,
And all your remnant as the sons of Gomorrah.
And cleave ye to all His
commandments.
8 And make
not for yourselves molten or graven gods;
And there is no spirit in them;
And all who trust in them, trust in
nothing.
But serve ye the most high God, and
worship Him continually:
And hope for His countenance always,
And work
uprightness and righteousness before Him,
And send rain
upon you morning and evening,
And bless
thy bread and thy water,
And the herds
of thy cattle, and the flocks of thy sheep.
And all nations of the
earth will desire you,
That they may be blessed as I am.
12 from Isaac his son, and he gave everything to Isaac
his son. And Ishmael and his sons, and the sons of Keturah and their sons, went
together and dwelt from Paran to the entering in of Babylon in
13 all the
land which is towards the East facing the desert. And these mingled with each
other, and their name was called Arabs, and Ishmaelites.
1 And in the sixth year of the seventh week of this jubilee Abraham
called Isaac his son, and [2057 (2050?) A.M.] commanded him: saying, 'I am
become old, and know not the day of my death, and am full of my
2 days. And
behold, I am one hundred and seventy-five years old, and throughout all the days
of my life I have remembered the Lord, and sought with all my heart to do His
will, and to walk uprightly
3 in all His ways. My soul has hated
idols,
5 ment on all
those who transgress His commandments and despise His covenant. And do thou, my
son, observe His commandments and His ordinances and His judgments, and walk not
after the
6 abominations and after the graven images and after the molten
images. And eat no blood at all of
7 animals or cattle, or of any bird which
flies in the heaven. And if thou dost slay a victim as an acceptable peace
offering, slay ye it, and pour out its blood upon the altar, and all the fat of
the offering offer on the altar with fine flour and the meat offering mingled
with oil, with its drink offering -offer them all together on the altar of burnt
offering; it is a sweet savour before the Lord.
8 And thou wilt offer the
fat of the sacrifice of thank offerings on the fire which is upon the altar, and
the fat which is on the belly, and all the fat on the inwards and the two
kidneys, and all the fat that
9 is upon them, and upon the loins and liver
thou shalt remove, together with the kidneys. And offer all these for a sweet
savour acceptable before the Lord, with its meat-offering and with its drink-
10 offering, for a sweet savour, the bread of the offering unto the Lord.
And eat its meat on that day and on the second day, and let not the sun on the
second day go down upon it till it is eaten, and let nothing be left over for
the third day; for it is not acceptable [for it is not approved] and let it no
longer be eaten, and all who eat thereof will bring sin upon themselves; for
thus I have found it written in the books of my forefathers, and in the words of
Enoch, and in the words of Noah.
11 And on all thy oblations thou shalt
strew salt, and let not the salt of the covenant be lacking in all
12 thy
oblations before the Lord. And as regards the wood of the sacrifices, beware
lest thou bring (other) wood for the altar in addition to these: cypress, bay,
almond, fir, pine, cedar, savin, fig, olive,
13 myrrh, laurel, aspalathus.
And of these kinds of wood lay upon the altar under the sacrifice, such as have
been tested as to their appearance, and do not lay (thereon) any split or dark
wood, (but) hard and clean, without fault, a sound and new growth; and do not
lay (thereon) old wood, [for its
14 fragrance is gone] for there is no
longer fragrance in it as before. Besides these kinds of wood there is none
other that thou shalt place (on the altar), for the fragrance is dispersed, and
the smell of its
15 fragrance goes not up to heaven. Observe this
commandment and do it, my son, that thou mayst
16 be upright in all thy
deeds. And at all times be clean in thy body, and wash thyself with water before
thou approachest to offer on the altar, and wash thy hands and thy feet before
thou drawest
17 near to the altar; and when thou art done sacrificing, wash
again thy hands and thy feet. And let no blood appear upon you nor upon your
clothes; be on thy guard, my son, against blood, be on thy
18 guard
exceedingly; cover it with dust. And do not eat any blood for it is the soul;
eat no blood whatever. And take no gifts for the blood of man, lest it be shed
with impunity, without judgment; for it is the blood that is shed that causes
the earth to sin, and the earth cannot be cleansed from the
20 blood of man
save by the blood of him who shed it. And take no present or gift for the blood
of man: blood for blood, that thou mayest be accepted before the Lord, the Most
High God; for He is the defence of the good: and that thou mayest be preserved
from all evil, and that He may save thee from every kind of death.
That all the works of the children of men are sin and
wickedness,
And all their deeds are uncleanness and an abomination and a
pollution,
And there is no righteousness with them.
And tread in their
paths,
And sin a sin unto death before the Most High God.
And] give thee back into the hands
of thy transgression,
And root thee out of the land, and thy seed likewise
from under heaven,
And thy name and thy seed shall perish from the whole
earth.
And observe
the ordinance of the Most High God,
And do His will and be upright in all
things.
And will raise up from thee a
plant of righteousness through all the earth, throughout all generations of the
earth,
And my name and thy name shall not be forgotten under heaven for
ever.
May the Most High God, my God and thy God,
strengthen thee to do His will,
And may He bless all thy seed and the
residue of thy seed for the generations for ever, with all righteous blessings,
That thou mayest be a blessing on all the earth.'
1 And it came to pass in the first week in the forty-fourth jubilee, in
the second year, that is, the year in which Abraham died, that Isaac and Ishmael
came from the Well of the Oath to celebrate the feast of weeks -that is, the
feast of the first fruits of the harvest-to Abraham, their
2 father, and
Abraham rejoiced because his two sons had come. For Isaac had many possessions
in
3 Beersheba, and Isaac was wont to go and see his possessions and to
return to his father. And in those days Ishmael came to see his father, and they
both came together, and Isaac offered a sacrifice
4 for a burnt offering,
and presented it on the altar of his father which he had made in Hebron. And he
offered a thank offering and made a feast of joy before Ishmael, his brother:
and Rebecca made new cakes from the new grain, and gave them to Jacob, her son,
to take them to Abraham, his father, from the first fruits of the land, that he
might eat and bless the Creator of all things before he died.
5 And Isaac,
too, sent by the hand of Jacob to Abraham a best thank offering, that he might
eat and
6 drink. And he eat and drank, and blessed the Most High God,
Who hath created heaven and earth,
Who hath made all the fat things of
the earth,
And given them to the children of men
That they might eat and
drink and bless their Creator.
8 been unto me peace. The sword of
the adversary has not overcome me in all that Thou hast given
9 me and my
children all the days of my life until this day. My God, may Thy mercy and Thy
peace be upon Thy servant, and upon the seed of his sons, that they may be to
Thee a chosen nation and an inheritance from amongst all the nations of the
earth from henceforth unto all the days of the
10 generations of the earth,
unto all the ages.' And he called Jacob and said: 'My son Jacob, may the God of
all bless thee and strengthen thee to do righteousness, and His will before Him,
and may He choose thee and thy seed that ye may become a people for His
inheritance according to His will
11 alway. And do thou, my son, Jacob, draw
near and kiss me.' And he drew near and kissed him, and he said:
And all the sons of God Most High, unto all the
ages:
And some of thy sons may
He sanctify in the midst of the whole earth;
And all the nations bow themselves before thy
seed.
And exercise authority over all the
seed of Seth.
So that they
shall become a holy nation.
Wherewith He has
blessed me
May they rest on the sacred head
of thy seed from generation to generation for ever.
That
thou mayest be forgiven all the transgressions; which thou hast committed
ignorantly.
And bless thee.
And mayest thou inherit
the whole earth,
That thou mayest be to Him a
nation for His inheritance for all the ages,
And that He may be to thee and
to thy seed a God in truth and righteousness throughout all the days of the
earth.
And observe the
commandments of Abraham, thy father:
And eat not with them:
And become not their associate;
And all their ways are a Pollution and an
abomination and uncleanness.
And they worship evil spirits,
And all their works are vanity and
nothingness.
And their eyes do not see what their
works are,
And to
a stone: 'Thou art my Lord and thou art my deliverer.'
[And they have no
heart.]
19 And as for thee, my son Jacob,
May the Most High God help thee
And the God of heaven bless thee
And remove thee from their uncleanness
and from all their error.
For all his seed is to be rooted out of the earth.
And all his seed
shall be destroyed from off the earth and all the residue thereof,
And none
springing from him shall be saved on the day of judgment.
(b) There
shall be no hope for them in the land of the living;
(c) And there shall be
no remembrance of them on the earth;
(c) For they shall descend into Sheol,
(d) And into the place of condemnation shall they go,
So will all those
who worship idols be taken away.
And be not dismayed, O son of Abraham:
And from all the
paths of error may he deliver thee.
25,26 And he ceased
commanding him and blessing him. And the two lay together on one bed, and Jacob
slept in the bosom of Abraham, his father's father and he kissed him seven
times, and his
27 affection and his heart rejoiced over him. And he blessed
him with all his heart and said: 'The Most High God, the God of all, and Creator
of all, who brought me forth from Ur of the Chaldees that he might give me this
land to inherit it for ever, and that I might establish a holy seed-blessed
28 be the Most High for ever.' And he blessed Jacob and said: 'My son, over
whom with all my heart and my affection I rejoice, may Thy grace and Thy mercy
be lift up upon him and upon his seed
29 alway. And do not forsake him, nor
set him at nought from henceforth unto the days of eternity, and may Thine eyes
be opened upon him and upon his seed, that Thou mayst preserve him, and
30
bless him, and mayest sanctify him as a nation for Thine inheritance; And bless
him with all Thy blessings from henceforth unto all the days of eternity, and
renew Thy covenant and Thy grace with him and with his seed according to all Thy
good pleasure unto all the generations of the earth.'
1 And he placed two fingers of Jacob on his eyes, and he blessed the God
of gods, and he covered his face and stretched out his feet and slept the sleep
of eternity, and was gathered to his fathers.
2 And notwithstanding all this
Jacob was lying in his bosom, and knew not that Abraham, his father's
3
father, was dead. And Jacob awoke from his sleep, and behold Abraham was cold as
ice, and he
4 said 'Father, father'; but there was none that spake, and he
knew that he was dead. And he arose from his bosom and ran and told Rebecca, his
mother; and Rebecca went to Isaac in the night, and told him; and they went
together, and Jacob with them, and a lamp was in his hand, and
5 when they
had gone in they found Abraham lying dead. And Isaac fell on the face of his
father
6 and wept and kissed him. And the voices were heard in the house of
Abraham, and Ishmael his son arose, and went to Abraham his father, and wept
over Abraham his father, he and all the house
7 of Abraham, and they wept
with a great weeping. And his sons Isaac and Ishmael buried him in the double
cave, near Sarah his wife, and they wept for him forty days, all the men of his
house, and Isaac and Ishmael, and all their sons, and all the sons of Keturah in
their places; and the days of
8 weeping for Abraham were ended. And he lived
three jubilees and four weeks of years, one hundred
9 and seventy-five
years, and completed the days of his life, being old and full of days. For the
days of the forefathers, of their life, were nineteen jubilees; and after the
Flood they began to grow less than nineteen jubilees, and to decrease in
jubilees, and to grow old quickly, and to be full of their days by reason of
manifold tribulation and the wickedness of their ways, with the exception of
10 Abraham. For Abraham was perfect in all his deeds with the Lord, and
well-pleasing in righteousness all the days of his life; and behold, he did not
complete four jubilees in his life, when he had
11 grown old by reason of
the wickedness, and was full of his days. And all the generations which shall
arise from this time until the day of the great judgment shall grow old quickly,
before they complete two jubilees, and their knowledge shall forsake them by
reason of their old age Land all their know-
12 ledge shall vanish away].
And in those days, if a man live a jubilee and a-half of years, they shall say
regarding him: 'He has lived long, and the greater part of his days are pain and
sorrow and
13 tribulation, and there is no peace: For calamity follows on
calamity, and wound on wound, and tribulation on tribulation, and evil tidings
on evil tidings, and illness on illness, and all evil judgments such as these,
one with another, illness and overthrow, and snow and frost and ice, and fever,
and chills, and torpor, and famine, and death, and sword, and captivity, and all
kinds of calamities and
14 pains.' And all these shall come on an evil
generation, which transgresses on the earth: their works
15 are uncleanness
and fornication, and pollution and abominations. Then they shall say: 'The days
of the forefathers were many (even), unto a thousand years, and were good; but
behold, the days of our life, if a man has lived many, are three score years and
ten, and, if he is strong, four score years,
16 and those evil, and there is
no peace in the days of this evil generation.' And in that generation the sons
shall convict their fathers and their elders of sin and unrighteousness, and of
the words of their mouth and the great wickednesses which they perpetrate, and
concerning their forsaking the covenant which the Lord made between them and
Him, that they should observe and do all His commandments and His ordinances and
all His laws, without departing either to the right hand or the left.
17 For
all have done evil, and every mouth speaks iniquity and all their works are an
uncleanness and
18 an abomination, and all their ways are pollution,
uncleanness and destruction. Behold the earth shall be destroyed on account of
all their works, and there shall be no seed of the vine, and no oil; for their
works are altogether faithless, and they shall all perish together, beasts and
cattle and birds, and
19 all the fish of the sea, on account of the children
of men. And they shall strive one with another, the young with the old, and the
old with the young, the poor with the rich, the lowly with the great, and the
beggar with the prince, on account of the law and the covenant; for they have
forgotten commandment, and covenant, and feasts, and months, and Sabbaths, and
jubilees, and all judgments.
20 And they shall stand
21 not
return until much blood has been shed on the earth, one by another. And those
who have escaped shall not return from their wickedness to the way of
righteousness, but they shall all exalt themselves to deceit and wealth, that
they may each take all that is his neighbour's, and they shall name the great
name, but not in truth and not in righteousness, and they shall defile the holy
of
22 holies with their uncleanness and the corruption of their pollution.
And a great punishment shall befall the deeds of this generation from the Lord,
and He will give them over to the sword and to
23 judgment and to captivity,
and to be plundered and devoured. And He will wake up against them the sinners
of the Gentiles, who have neither mercy nor compassion, and who shall respect
the person of none, neither old nor young, nor any one, for they are more wicked
and strong to do evil than all the children of men.
And much blood shall be shed upon the earth,
And there shall be none to
gather and none to bury.
And call and pray that they may be
saved from the hand of the sinners, the Gentiles;
But none shall be saved.
And a
child of three weeks shall appear old like a man of one hundred years,
And
their stature shall be destroyed by tribulation and oppression.
And to
seek the commandments,
And to return to the path of righteousness.
Till their days draw nigh to one thousand years.
And to a greater
number of years than (before) was the number of the days.
Nor one who is
For all shall be (as) children and youths.
And there shall be no Satan nor any evil destroyer;
For all their days
shall be days of blessing and healing.
And they shall rise
up and see great peace,
And drive out their adversaries.
And rejoice with joy for
ever and ever,
And shall see all their judgments and all their curses on
their enemies.
And their spirits shall have
much joy,
And they shall know that it is the Lord who executes judgment,
And shows mercy to hundreds and thousands and to all that love Him
1 And it came to pass after the death of Abraham, that the Lord blessed
Isaac his son, and he arose from Hebron and went and dwelt at the Well of the
Vision in the first year of the third week [2073 A.M.]
4 thee bread, and
also some of this lentil pottage.' And Esau said in his heart: 'I shall die; of
5 what profit to me is this birthright? 'And he said to Jacob: 'I give it to
thee.' And Jacob said:
6 'Swear to me, this day,' and he sware unto him. And
Jacob gave his brother Esau bread and pottage, and he eat till he was satisfied,
and Esau despised his birthright; for this reason was Esau's name
7 called
Edom, on account of the red pottage which Jacob gave him for his birthright. And
Jacob became
8 the elder, and Esau was brought down from his dignity. And
the famine was over the land, and Isaac departed to go down into Egypt in the
second year of this week, and went to the king of the Philis-
9 tines to
Gerar, unto Abimelech. And the Lord appeared unto him and said unto him: 'Go not
down into Egypt; dwell in the land that I shall tell thee of, and sojourn in
this land, and I will
10 be with thee and bless thee. For to thee and to thy
seed will I give all this land, and I will establish My oath which I sware unto
Abraham thy father, and I will multiply thy seed as the
11 stars of heaven,
and will give unto thy seed all this land. And in thy seed shall all the nations
of the earth be blessed, because thy father obeyed My voice, and kept My charge
and My commandments, and My laws, and My ordinances, and My covenant; and now
obey My voice and dwell in
12,13 this land.' And he dwelt in Gelar three
weeks of years. And Abimelech charged concerning him, [2080-2101 A.M.] and
concerning all that was his, saying: 'Any man that shall touch him or aught that
is his shall
14 surely die.' And Isaac waxed strong among the Philistines,
and he got many possessions, oxen
15 and sheep and camels and asses and a
great household. And he sowed in the land of the Philistines and brought in a
hundred-fold, and Isaac became exceedingly great, and the Philistines envied
him.
16 Now all the wells which the servants of Abraham had dug during the
life of Abraham, the Philistines
17 had stopped them after the death of
Abraham, and filled them with earth. And Abimelech said unto Isaac: 'Go from us,
for thou art much mightier than we', and Isaac departed thence in
18 the
first year of the seventh week, and sojourned in the valleys of Gerar. And they
digged again the wells of water which the servants of Abraham, his father, had
digged, and which the Philistines had closed after the death of Abraham his
father, and he called their names as Abraham his father
19 had named them.
And the servants of Isaac dug a well in the valley, and found living water, and
the shepherds of Gerar strove with the shepherds of Isaac, saying: 'The water is
ours'; and Isaac
20 called the name of the well 'Perversity', because they
had been perverse with us. And they dug a second well, and they strove for that
also, and he called its name 'Enmity'. And he arose from thence and they digged
another well, and for that they strove not, and he called the name of it 'Room',
and Isaac said: 'Now the Lord hath made room for us, and we have increased in
the
21 land.' And he went up from thence to the Well of the Oath in the
first year of the first week in the [2108 A.M.]
23
servant.' And he built an altar there, which Abraham his father had first built,
and he called upon
24 the name of the Lord, and he offered sacrifice to the
God of Abraham his father. And they digged
25 a well and they found living
water. And the servants of Isaac digged another well and did not find water, and
they went and told Isaac that they had not found water, and Isaac said: 'I have
sworn
26 this day to the Philistines and this thing has been announced to
us.' And he called the name of that place the Well of the Oath; for there he had
sworn to Abimelech and Ahuzzath his friend and
27 Phicol the prefect Or his
host. And Isaac knew that day that under constraint he had sworn to them
28
to make peace with them. And Isaac on that day cursed the Philistines and said:
'Cursed be the Philistines unto the day of wrath and indignation from the midst
of all nations; may God make them a derision and a curse and an object of wrath
and indignation in the hands of the sinners the
29 Gentiles and in the hands
of the Kittim. And whoever escapes the sword of the enemy and the Kittim, may
the righteous nation root out in judgment from under heaven; for they shall be
the enemies and foes of my children throughout their generations upon the earth.
Nor one that shall be saved on
the day of the wrath of judgment;
For destruction and rooting out and
expulsion from the earth is the whole seed of the Philistines (reserved),
And there shall no longer be left for these Caphtorim a name or a seed on
the earth.
Thence shall he be brought down,
Thence shall he be dragged
forth,
Even from thence shall he
be rooted out;
There also shall his condemnation be
great,
And there also he shall have no peace.
32 And if he go into
captivity,
By the hands of those that seek his life shall they slay him on
the way,
And neither name nor seed shall be left to him on all the earth;
For into eternal malediction shall he depart.'
1 And in the second year of this week in this jubilee, Rebecca called
Jacob her son, and spake unto [2109 A.M.] him, saying: 'My son, do not take thee
a wife of the daughters of Canaan, as Esau, thy brother, who took him two wives
of the daughters of Canaan, and they have embittered my soul with all their
unclean deeds: for all their deeds are fornication and lust, and there is no
righteousness with them,
2 for (their deeds) are evil. And I, my son, love
thee exceedingly, and my heart and my affection
3 bless thee every hour of
the day and watch of the night. And now, my son, hearken to my voice, and do the
will of thy mother, and do not take thee a wife of the daughters of this land,
but only of the house of my father, and of my father's kindred. Thou shalt take
thee a wife of the house of my father, and the Most High God will bless thee,
and thy children shall be a righteous generation and
4 a holy seed.' And
then spake Jacob to Rebecca, his mother, and said unto her: 'Behold, mother, I
am nine weeks of years old, and I neither know nor have I touched any woman, nor
have I betrothed
5 myself to any, nor even think of taking me a wife of the
daughters of Canaan. For I remember, mother, the words of Abraham, our father,
for he commanded me not to take a wife of the daughters
6 of Canaan, but to
take me a wife from the seed of my father's house and from my kindred. I have
heard before that daughters have been born to Laban, thy brother, and I have set
my heart on them
7 to take a wife from amongst them. And for this reason I
have guarded myself in my spirit against sinning or being corrupted in all my
ways throughout all the days of my life; for with regard to lust
8 and
fornication, Abraham, my father, gave me many commands. And, despite all that he
has commanded me, these two and twenty years my brother has striven with me, and
spoken frequently to me and said: 'My brother, take to wife a sister of my two
wives'; but I refuse to do as he has done.
9 I swear before thee, mother,
that all the days of my life I will not take me a wife from the daughters
10
of the seed of Canaan, and I will not act wickedly as my brother has done. Fear
not, mother; be
11 assured that I shall do thy will and walk in uprightness,
and not corrupt my ways for ever.' And thereupon she lifted up her face to
heaven and extended the fingers of her hands, and opened her mouth and blessed
the Most High God, who had created the heaven and the earth, and she gave Him
12 thanks and praise. And she said: 'Blessed be the Lord God, and may His
holy name be blessed for ever and ever, who has given me Jacob as a pure son and
a holy seed; for he is Thine, and Thine
13 shall his seed be continually and
throughout all the generations for evermore. Bless him, O Lord,
14 and place
in my mouth the blessing of righteousness, that I may bless him.' And at that
hour, when the spirit of righteousness descended into her mouth, she placed both
her hands on the head of Jacob, and said:
And may He
bless thee beyond all the generations of men.
And reveal
righteousness to thy seed.
And may they arise
according to the number of the months of the year.
And may their sons become
many and great beyond the stars of heaven,
And their numbers be more than
the sand of the sea.
And may they hold it as a
possession for ever.
And a blessed and holy seed may all thy seed be.
The
womb of her that bare thee blesses thee thus,
And my mouth and my tongue
praise thee greatly.
And may thy seed be perfect in the
joy of heaven and earth for ever;
And on the great day of peace may it have
peace.
And may the Most
High God be their God,
And by them may His
sanctuary be built unto all the ages.
And all flesh that curseth thee
falsely, may it be cursed.'
'May the Lord of the world love
thee
As the heart of thy mother and her affection rejoice in thee and bless
thee.'
And she ceased from blessing.
1 And in the seventh year of this week Isaac called Esau, his elder Son,
and said unto him: ' I am [2114 A.M.]
3 eat, and that
my soul may bless thee before I die.' But Rebecca heard Isaac speaking to Esau.
4,5 And Esau went forth early to the field to hunt and catch and bring home
to his father. And Rebecca called Jacob, her son, and said unto him: 'Behold, I
heard Isaac, thy father, speak unto Esau, thy brother, saying: "Hunt for me, and
make me savoury meat, and bring (it) to me that
6 I may eat and bless thee
before the Lord before I die." And now, my son, obey my voice in that which I
command thee: Go to thy flock and fetch me two good kids of the goats, and I
will make them savoury meat for thy father, such as he loves, and thou shalt
bring (it) to thy father that he
7 may eat and bless thee before the Lord
before he die, and that thou mayst be blessed.' And Jacob said to Rebecca his
mother: 'Mother, I shall not withhold anything which my father would eat, and
which would please him: only I fear, my mother, that he will recognise my voice
and wish to touch
8 me. And thou knowest that I am smooth, and Esau, my
brother, is hairy, and I shall appear before his eyes as an evildoer, and shall
do a deed which he had not commanded me, and he will be
9 wroth with me, and
I shall bring upon myself a curse, and not a blessing.' And Rebecca, his
10
mother, said unto him: 'Upon me be thy curse, my son, only obey my voice.' And
Jacob obeyed the voice of Rebecca, his mother, and went and fetched two good and
fat kids of the goats, and
11 brought them to his mother, and his mother
made them ~savoury meat~ such as he loved. And Rebecca took the goodly rainment
of Esau, her elder son, which was with her in the house, and she clothed Jacob,
her younger son, (with them), and she put the skins of the kids upon his hands
and on
12 the exposed parts of his neck. And she gave the meat and the bread
which she had prepared into
13 the hand of her son Jacob. And Jacob went in
to his father and said: 'I am thy son: I have done according as thou badest me:
arise and sit and eat of that which I have caught, father, that thy soul
14,15 may bless me.' And Isaac said to his son: 'How hast thou found so
quickly, my son? 'And Jacob
16 said: 'Because (the Lord thy God caused me to
find.' And Isaac said unto him: Come near, that
17 I may feel thee, my son,
if thou art my son Esau or not.' And Jacob went near to Isaac, his father,
18 and he felt him and said: 'The voice is Jacob's voice, but the hands are
the hands of Esau,' and he discerned him not, because it was a dispensation from
heaven to remove his power of perception and
19 Isaac discerned not, for his
hands were hairy as his brother Esau's, so that he blessed him. And he said:
'Art thou my son Esau? ' and he said: 'I am thy son': and he said, 'Bring near
to me that
20 I may eat of that which thou hast caught, my son, that my soul
may bless thee.' And he brought
21 near to him, and he did eat, and he
brought him wine and he drank. And Isaac, his father, said unto
22 him:
'Come near and kiss me, my son. And he came near and kissed him. And he smelled
the smell of his raiment, and he blessed him and said: 'Behold, the smell of my
son is as the smell of a (full) field which the Lord hath blessed.
And of the dew of the
earth, and plenty of corn and oil:
And peoples bow down to thee.
And let thy mother's sons bow down to thee;
Be imparted to thee and to thy seed for ever:
And blessed be he that blesseth thee.'
26 forth from Isaac his father he hid himself and
Esau, his brother, came in from his hunting. And he also made savoury meat, and
brought (it) to his father, and said unto his father: 'Let my father
27
arise, and eat of my venison that thy soul may bless me.' And Isaac, his father,
said unto him: 'Who art thou? 'And he said unto him: 'I am thy first born, thy
son Esau: I have done as thou hast
28 commanded me.' And Isaac was very
greatly astonished, and said: 'Who is he that hath hunted and caught and brought
(it) to me, and I have eaten of all before thou camest, and have blessed him:
29 (and) he shall be blessed, and all his seed for ever.' And it came to
pass when Esau heard the words of his father Isaac that he cried with an
exceeding great and bitter cry, and said unto his father:
30 'Bless me,
(even) me also, father.' And he said unto him: 'Thy brother came with guile, and
hath taken away thy blessing.' And he said: 'Now I know why his name is named
Jacob: behold, he hath supplanted me these two times: he took away my
birth-right, and now he hath taken away
31 my blessing.' And he said: 'Hast
thou not reserved a blessing for me, father?' and Isaac answered and said unto
Esau:
31 'Behold, I have made him thy lord,
And all his brethren have I
given to him for servants,
And with plenty of corn and wine and oil have I
strengthened him:
And what now shall I do for thee, my son?'
32 And Esau
said to Isaac, his father:
'Hast thou but one blessing, O father?
Bless
me, (even) me also, father: '
33 And Esau lifted up his voice and wept.
And Isaac answered and said unto him:
'Behold, far from the dew of the
earth shall be thy dwelling,
And far from the dew of heaven from above.
And thou wilt serve thy brother.
And dost shake his
yoke from off thy neck,
Thou shalt sin a complete sin unto death,
And
thy seed shall be rooted out from under heaven.'
1 And the words of Esau, her elder son, were told to Rebecca in a dream,
and Rebecca sent and
2 called Jacob her younger son, and said unto him:
'Behold Esau thy brother will take vengeance on
3 thee so as to kill thee.
Now, therefore, my son, obey my voice, and arise and flee thou to Laban, my
brother, to Haran, and tarry with him a few days until thy brother's anger turns
away, and he remove his anger from thee, and forget all that thou hast done;
then I will send and fetch thee from
4,5 thence.' And Jacob said: 'I am not
afraid; if he wishes to kill me, I will kill him.' But she said
6 unto him:
'Let me not be bereft of both my sons on one day.' And Jacob said to Rebecca his
mother: 'Behold, thou knowest that my father has become old, and does not see
because his eyes are dull, and if I leave him it will be evil in his eyes,
because I leave him and go away from you, and my father will be angry, and will
curse me. I will not go; when he sends me, then only will I go.'
7,8 And
Rebecca said to Jacob: 'I will go in and speak to him, and he will send thee
away.' And Rebecca went in and said to Isaac: 'I loathe my life because of the
two daughters of Heth, whom Esau has taken him as wives; and if Jacob take a
wife from among the daughters of the land such
9 as these, for what purpose
do I further live, for the daughters of Canaan are evil.' And Isaac called
10 Jacob and blessed him, and admonished him and said unto him: 'Do not take
thee a wife of any of the daughters of Canaan; arise and go to Mesopotamia, to
the house of Bethuel, thy mother's father,
11 and take thee a wife from
thence of the daughters of Laban, thy mother's brother. And God Almighty bless
thee and increase and multiply thee that thou mayest become a company of
nations, and give thee the blessings of my father Abraham, to thee and to thy
seed after thee, that thou mayest inherit the land of thy sojournings and all
the land which God gave to Abraham: go, my
12 son, in peace.' And Isaac sent
Jacob away, and he went to Mesopotamia, to Laban the son of
13 Bethuel the
Syrian, the brother of Rebecca, Jacob's mother. And it came to pass after Jacob
had
14 arisen to go to Mesopotamia that the spirit of Rebecca was grieved
after her son, and she wept. And Isaac said to Rebecca: 'My sister, weep not on
account of Jacob, my son; for he goeth in peace, and
15 in peace will he
return. The Most High God will preserve him from all evil, and will be with him;
16 for He will not forsake him all his days; For I know that his ways will
be prospered in all things
17 wherever he goes, until he return in peace to
us, and we see him in peace. Fear not on his account, my sister, for he is on
the upright path and he is a perfect man: and he is faithful and will not
perish.
18,19 Weep not.' And Isaac comforted Rebecca on account of her son
Jacob, and blessed him. And Jacob went from the Well of the Oath to go to Haran
on the first year of the second week in the forty-fourth jubilee, and he came to
Luz on the mountains, that is, Bethel, on the new moon of the first month of
this week, [2115 A.M.] and he came to the place at even and turned from the way
to the west of the
20 road that night: and he slept there; for the sun had
set. And he took one of the stones of that
21 place and laid
22 And he spake to Jacob and said: 'I am the
Lord God of Abraham, thy father, and the God of
23 Isaac; the land whereon
thou art sleeping, to thee will I give it, and to thy seed after thee. And thy
seed shall be as the dust of the earth, and thou shalt increase to the west and
to the east, to the
24 north and the south, and in thee and in thy seed
shall all the families of the nations be blessed. And behold, I will be with
thee, and will keep thee whithersoever thou goest, and I will bring thee again
into this land in peace; for I will not leave thee until I do everything that I
told thee of.'
25 And Jacob awoke from his sleep, and said, 'Truly this
place is the house of the Lord, and I knew it not.' And he was afraid and said:
'Dreadful is this place which is none other than the house of
26 God, and
this is the gate of heaven.' And Jacob arose early in the morning, and took the
stone which he had put under his head and set it up as a pillar for a sign, and
he poured oil upon the top of it. And he called the name of that place Bethel;
but the name of the place was Luz at the first.
27 And Jacob vowed a vow
unto the Lord, saying: 'If the Lord will be with me, and will keep me in this
way that I go, and give me bread to eat and raiment to put on, so that I come
again to my father's house in peace, then shall the Lord be my God, and this
stone which I have set up as a pillar for a sign in this place, shall be the
Lord's house, and of all that thou givest me, I shall give the tenth to thee, my
God.'
1 And he went on his journey, and came to the land of the east, to
Laban, the brother of Rebecca,
2 and he was with him, and served him for
Rachel his daughter one week. And in the first year of the third week [2122
A.M.] he said unto him: 'Give me my wife, for whom I have served thee seven
years '; and
3 Laban said unto Jacob: 'I will give thee thy wife.' And Laban
made a feast, and took Leah his elder daughter, and gave (her) to Jacob as a
wife, and gave her Zilpah his handmaid for an hand-
4 maid; and Jacob did
not know, for he thought that she was Rachel. And he went in unto her, and
behold, she was Leah; and Jacob was angry with Laban, and said unto him: 'Why
hast thou dealt thus with me? Did not I serve thee for Rachel and not for Leah?
Why hast thou wronged me?
5 Take thy daughter, and I will go; for thou hast
done evil to me.' For Jacob loved Rachel more than Leah; for Leah's eyes were
weak, but her form was very handsome; but Rachel had beautiful
6 eyes and a
beautiful and very handsome form. And Laban said to Jacob: 'It is not so done in
our country, to give the younger before the elder.' And it is not right to do
this; for thus it is ordained and written in the heavenly tablets, that no one
should give his younger daughter before the elder; but the elder, one gives
first and after her the younger -and the man who does so, they set down guilt
against him in heaven, and none is righteous that does this thing, for this deed
is evil before the
7 Lord. And command thou the children of Israel that they
do not this thing; let them neither take
8 nor give the younger before they
have given the elder, for it is very wicked. And Laban said to Jacob: 'Let the
seven days of the feast of this one pass by, and I shall give thee Rachel, that
thou mayst serve me another seven years, that thou mayst pasture my sheep as
thou didst in the former week.' And on the day when the seven days of the feast
of Leah had passed, Laban gave Rachel to Jacob, that he might serve him another
seven years, and he gave to Rachel Bilhah, the sister of
10 Zilpah, as a
handmaid. And he served yet other seven years for Rachel, for Leah had been
given
11 to him for nothing. And the Lord opened the womb of Leah, and she
conceived and bare Jacob a son, and he called his name Reuben, on the fourteenth
day of the ninth month, in the first year of
12 the third week. [2122 A.M.]
But the womb of Rachel was closed, for the Lord saw that Leah was hated and
13 Rachel loved. And again Jacob went in unto Leah, and she conceived, and
bare Jacob a second son, and he called his name Simeon, on the twenty-first of
the tenth month, and in the third year of this
14 week. [2124 A.M.] And
again Jacob went in unto Leah, and she conceived, and bare him a third son, and
he
15 called his name Levi, in the new moon of the first month in the sixth
year of this week. [2127 A.M.] And again Jacob went in unto her, and she
conceived, and bare him a fourth son, and he called his name Judah,
16 on
the fifteenth of the third month, in the first year of the fourth week. [2129
A.M.] And on account of all this Rachel envied Leah, for she did not bear, and
she said to Jacob: 'Give me children'; and Jacob
17 said: 'Have I withheld
from thee the fruits of thy womb? Have I forsaken thee?' And when Rachel saw
that Leah had borne four sons to Jacob, Reuben and Simeon and Levi and Judah,
she said unto
18 him: 'Go in unto Bilhah my handmaid, and she will conceive,
and bear a son unto me.' (And she gave (him) Bilhah her handmaid to wife). And
he went in unto her, and she conceived, and bare him a son, and he called his
name Dan, on the ninth of the sixth month, in the sixth year of the
19 third
week. [2127 A.M.] And Jacob went in again unto Bilhah a second time, and she
conceived, and bare Jacob another son, and Rachel called his name Napthali, on
the fifth of the seventh month, in the
20 second year of the fourth week.
[2130 A.M.] And when Leah saw that she had become sterile and did not bear, she
envied Rachel, and she also gave her handmaid Zilpah to Jacob to wife, and she
conceived, and bare a son, and Leah called his name Gad, on the twelfth of the
eighth month, in the third year of
21 the fourth week. [2131 A.M.] And he
went in again unto her, and she conceived, and bare him a second son, and Leah
called his name Asher, on the second of the eleventh month, in the fifth year of
the fourth
22 week. [2133 A.M.] And Jacob went in unto Leah, and she
conceived, and bare a son, and she called his name Issachar, on the fourth of
the fifth month, in the fourth year of the fourth week,[2132 A.M.] and she gave
him
23 to a nurse. And Jacob went in again unto her, and she conceived, and
bare two (children), a son and a daughter, and she called the name of the son
Zabulon, and the name of the daughter Dinah,
24 in the seventh of the
seventh month, in the sixth year of the fourth week. [2134 A.M.] And the Lord
was gracious to Rachel, and opened her womb, and she conceived, and bare a son,
and she called his
25 name Joseph, on the new moon of the fourth month, in
the sixth year in this fourth week. [2134 A.M.] And in the days when Joseph was
born, Jacob said to Laban: 'Give me my wives and sons, and let me go to my
father Isaac, and let me make me an house; for I have completed the years in
which I
26 have served thee for thy two daughters, and I will go to the
house of my father.' And Laban said to Jacob: 'Tarry with me for thy wages, and
pasture my flock for me again, and take thy wages.'
27 And they agreed with
one another that he should give him as his wages those of the lambs and kids
28 which were born black and spotted and white, (these) were to be his
wages. And all the sheep brought forth spotted and speckled and black, variously
marked, and they brought forth again lambs like themselves, and all that were
spotted were Jacob's and those which were not were
29 Laban's. And Jacob's
possessions multiplied exceedingly, and he possessed oxen and sheep and
30
asses and camels, and menservants and maid-servants. And Laban and his sons
envied Jacob, and Laban took back his sheep from him, and he observed him with
evil intent.
1 And it came to pass when Rachel had borne Joseph, that Laban went to
shear his sheep; for they
2 were distant from him a three days' journey. And
Jacob saw that Laban was going to shear his sheep, and Jacob called Leah and
Rachel, and spake kindly unto them that they should come with
3 him to the
land of Canaan. For he told them how he had seen everything in a dream, even all
that He had spoken unto him that he should return to his father's house, and
they said: 'To every place
4 whither thou goest we will go with thee.' And
Jacob blessed the God of Isaac his father, and the God of Abraham his father's
father, and he arose and mounted his wives and his children, and took all his
possessions and crossed the river, and came to the land of Gilead, and Jacob hid
his intention
5 from Laban and told him not. And in the seventh year of the
fourth week Jacob turned (his face) toward Gilead in the first month, on the
twenty-first thereof. [2135 A.M.] And Laban pursued after him and
6 overtook
Jacob in the mountain of Gilead in the third month, on the thirteenth thereof.
And the Lord did not suffer him to injure Jacob; for he appeared to him in a
dream by night. And Laban
7 spake to Jacob. And on the fifteenth of those
days Jacob made a feast for Laban, and for all who came with him, and Jacob
sware to Laban that day, and Laban also to Jacob, that neither should
8
cross the mountain of Gilead to the other with evil purpose. And he made there a
heap for
9 a witness; wherefore the name of that place is called: 'The Heap
of Witness,' after this heap. But before they used to call the land of Gilead
the land of the Rephaim; for it was the land of the Rephaim, and the Rephaim
were born (there), giants whose height was ten, nine, eight down to
10 seven
cubits. And their habitation was from the land of the children of Ammon to Mount
Hermon,
11 and the seats of their kingdom were Karnaim and Ashtaroth, and
Edrei, and Misur, and Beon. And the Lord destroyed them because of the evil of
their deeds; for they were very malignant, and the Amorites dwelt in their
stead, wicked and sinful, and there is no people to-day which has wrought
12
to the full all their sins, and they have no longer length of life on the earth.
And Jacob sent away Laban, and he departed into Mesopotamia, the land of the
East, and Jacob returned to the land of
13 Gilead. And he passed over the
Jabbok in the ninth month, on the eleventh thereof. And on that day Esau, his
brother, came to him, and he was reconciled to him, and departed from him unto
14 the land of Seir, but Jacob dwelt in tents. And in the first year of the
fifth week in this jubilee [2136 A.M.] he crossed the Jordan, and dwelt beyond
the Jordan, and he pastured his sheep from the sea of the
15 heap unto
Bethshan, and unto Dothan and unto the forest of Akrabbim. And he sent to his
father Isaac of all his substance, clothing, and food, and meat, and drink, and
milk, and butter, and
16 cheese, and some dates of the valley. And to his
mother Rebecca also four times a year, between the times of the months, between
ploughing and reaping, and between autumn and the rain (season)
17 and
between winter and spring, to the tower of Abraham. For Isaac had returned from
the Well of the Oath and gone up to the tower of his father Abraham, and he
dwelt there apart from his son
18 Esau. For in the days when Jacob went to
Mesopotamia, Esau took to himself a wife Mahalath, the daughter of Ishmael, and
he gathered together all the flocks of his father and his wives, and went
19
Up and dwelt on Mount Seir, and left Isaac his father at the Well of the Oath
alone. And Isaac went up from the Well of the Oath and dwelt in the tower of
Abraham his father on the mountains
20 of Hebron, And thither Jacob sent all
that he did send to his father and his mother from time to time, all they
needed, and they blessed Jacob with all their heart and with all their soul.
1 And in the first year of the sixth week [2143 A.M.] he went up to
Salem, to the east of Shechem, in peace, in
2 the fourth month. And there
they carried off Dinah, the daughter of Jacob, into the house of Shechem, the
son of Hamor, the Hivite, the prince of the land, and he lay with her and
defiled her,
3 and she was a little girl, a child of twelve years. And he
besought his father and her brothers that she might be given to him to wife. And
Jacob and his sons were wroth because of the men of Shechem; for they had
defiled Dinah, their sister, and they spake to them with evil intent and dealt
4 deceitfully with them and beguiled them. And Simeon and Levi came
unexpectedly to Shechem and executed judgment on all the men of Shechem, and
slew all the men whom they found in it, and left not a single one remaining in
it: they slew all in torments because they had dishonoured
5 their sister
Dinah. And thus let it not again be done from henceforth that a daughter of
Israel be defiled; for judgment is ordained in heaven against them that they
should destroy with the sword
6 all the men of the Shechemites because they
had wrought shame in Israel. And the Lord delivered them into the hands of the
sons of Jacob that they might exterminate them with the sword and execute
judgment upon them, and that it might not thus again be done in Israel that a
virgin of
7 Israel should be defiled. And if there is any man who wishes in
Israel to give his daughter or his sister to any man who is of the seed of the
Gentiles he shall surely die, and they shall stone him with stones; for he hath
wrought shame in Israel; and they shall burn the woman with fire, because
8
she has dishonoured the name of the house of her father, and she shall be rooted
out of Israel. And let not an adulteress and no uncleanness be found in Israel
throughout all the days of the generations of the earth; for Israel is holy unto
the Lord, and every man who has defiled (it) shall surely die:
9 they shall
stone him with stones. For thus has it been ordained and written in the heavenly
tablets regarding all the seed of Israel: he who defileth (it) shall surely die,
and he shall be stoned with
10 stones. And to this law there is no limit of
days, and no remission, nor any atonement: but the man who has defiled his
daughter shall be rooted out in the midst of all Israel, because he has given
11 of his seed to Moloch, and wrought impiously so as to defile it. And do
thou, Moses, command the children of Israel and exhort them not to give their
daughters to the Gentiles, and not to take for
12 their sons any of the
daughters of the Gentiles, for this is abominable before the Lord. For this
reason I have written for thee in the words of the Law all the deeds of the
Shechemites, which they wrought against Dinah, and how the sons of Jacob spake,
saying: 'We will not give our daughter
13 to a man who is uncircumcised; for
that were a reproach unto us.' And it is a reproach to Israel, to those who
live, and to those that take the daughters of the Gentiles; for this is unclean
and
14 abominable to Israel. And Israel will not be free from this
uncleanness if it has a wife of the daughters of the Gentiles, or has given any
of its daughters to a man who is of any of the Gentiles.
15 For there will
be plague upon plague, and curse upon curse, and every judgment and plague and
curse will come
16 whole nation together be
judged for all the uncleanness and profanation of this man. And there will be no
respect of persons [and no consideration of persons] and no receiving at his
hands of fruits and offerings and burnt-offerings and fat, nor the fragrance of
sweet savour, so as to accept it: and
17 so fare every man or woman in
Israel who defiles the sanctuary. For this reason I have commanded thee, saying:
'Testify this testimony to Israel: see how the Shechemites fared and their sons:
how they were delivered into the hands of two sons of Jacob, and they slew them
under tortures, and it
18 was (reckoned) unto them for righteousness, and it
is written down to them for righteousness. And the seed of Levi was chosen for
the priesthood, and to be Levites, that they might minister before the Lord, as
we, continually, and that Levi and his sons may be blessed for ever; for he was
zealous
19 to execute righteousness and judgment and vengeance on all those
who arose against Israel. And so they inscribe as a testimony in his favour on
the heavenly tablets blessing and righteousness before
20 the God of all:
And we remember the righteousness which the man fulfilled during his life, at
all periods of the year; until a thousand generations they will record it, and
it will come to him and to his descendants after him, and he has been recorded
on the heavenly tablets as a friend and a righteous
21 man. All this account
I have written for thee, and have commanded thee to say to the children of
Israel, that they should not commit sin nor transgress the ordinances nor break
the covenant which
22 has been ordained for them, (but) that they should
fulfil it and be recorded as friends. But if they transgress and work
uncleanness in every way, they will be recorded on the heavenly tablets as
adversaries, and they will be destroyed out of the book of life, and they will
be recorded in the book of
23 those who will be destroyed and with those who
will be rooted out of the earth. And on the day when the sons of Jacob slew
Shechem a writing was recorded in their favour in heaven that they had executed
righteousness and uprightness and vengeance on the sinners, and it was written
for a blessing.
24 And they brought Dinah, their sister, out of the house of
Shechem, and they took captive everything that was in Shechem, their sheep and
their oxen and their asses, and all their wealth, and all their
25 flocks,
and brought them all to Jacob their father. And he reproached them because they
had put the city to the sword for he feared those who dwelt in the land, the
Canaanites and the Perizzites.
26 And the dread of the Lord was upon all the
cities which are around about Shechem, and they did not rise to pursue after the
sons of Jacob; for terror had fallen upon them.
1 And on the new moon of the month Jacob spake to all the people of his
house. saying: 'Purify yourselves and change your garments, and let us arise and
go up to Bethel, where I vowed a vow to Him on the day when I fled from the face
of Esau my brother, because he has been with me and
2 brought me into this
land in peace, and put ye away the strange gods that arc among you.' And they
gave up the strange gods and that which was in their ears and which was on their
necks and the idols which Rachel stole from Laban her father she gave wholly to
Jacob. And he burnt and brake them to pieces and destroyed them, and hid them
under an oak which is in the land of
3 Shechem. And he went up on the new
moon of the seventh month to Bethel. And he built an altar at the place where he
had slept, and he set up a pillar there, and he sent word to his father
4
Isaac to come to him to his sacrifice, and to his mother Rebecca. And Isaac
said: 'Let my son
5 Jacob come, and let me see him before I die.' And Jacob
went to his father Isaac and to his mother Rebecca, to the house of his father
Abraham, and he took two of his sons with him, Levi and Judah, and he came to
his father Isaac and to his mother Rebecca.
6 And Rebecca came forth from
the tower to the front of it to kiss Jacob and embrace him; for her spirit had
revived when she heard: 'Behold Jacob thy son has come'; and she kissed
7
him. And she saw his two sons, and she recognised them, and said unto him: 'Are
these thy sons, my son?' and she embraced them and kissed them, and blessed
them, saying: 'In you shall the
8 seed of Abraham become illustrious, and ye
shall prove a blessing on the earth.' And Jacob went in to Isaac his father, to
the chamber where he lay, and his two sons were with him, and he took the hand
of his father, and stooping down he kissed him, and Isaac clung to the neck of
Jacob his son,
9 and wept upon his neck. And the darkness left the eyes of
Isaac, and he saw the two sons of Jacob,
10 Levi, and Judah, and he said:
'Are these thy sons, my son? for they are like thee.' And he said unto him that
they were truly his sons: 'And thou hast truly seen that they are truly my
sons'.
11 And they came near to him, and he turned and kissed them and
embraced them both together.
12 And the spirit of prophecy came down into
his mouth, and he took Levi by his right hand and
13 Judah by his left. And
he turned to Levi first, and began to bless him first, and said unto him:
May the God of all, the very Lord of all the ages, bless thee and thy
children throughout all the
14 ages. And may the Lord give to thee and to
thy seed greatness and great glory, and cause thee and thy seed, from among all
flesh, to approach Him to serve in His sanctuary as the angels of the presence
and as the holy ones. (Even) as they, shall the seed of thy sons be for glory
and greatness
15 and holiness, and may He make them great unto all the ages.
And they shall be judges and princes, and chiefs of all the seed of the sons of
Jacob;
And they shall
judge all His judgments in righteousness.
And My paths to Israel.
To bless all the
seed of the beloved.
And justly has she called thy
name;
And be the companion of all the sons of
Jacob;
And do thou and thy sons eat thereof;
And thy food fail not
unto all the ages.
And let all thy
adversaries be rooted out and perish;
And cursed be every nation that
curses thee.'
'May the Lord give thee strength and power
A prince shalt thou be, thou and one of
thy sons, over the sons of Jacob;
Then shall the Gentiles fear before thy face,
[And all the peoples shall quake].
And in thee be found the salvation of
Israel.
There shall be great peace for all the seed of the sons of the beloved;
And all that hate thee and afflict thee
and curse thee
Shall be rooted out and destroyed from the earth and be
accursed.'
22 sons of Jacob his son in very truth. And he went
forth from between his feet and fell down and bowed down to him, and he blessed
them and rested there with Isaac his father that night, and they
23 eat and
drank with joy. And he made the two sons of Jacob sleep, the one on his right
hand and the
24 other on his left, and it was counted to him for
righteousness. And Jacob told his father everything during the night, how the
Lord had shown him great mercy, and how he had prospered (him in) all
25 his
ways, and protected him from all evil. And Isaac blessed the God of his father
Abraham, who
26 had not withdrawn his mercy and his righteousness from the
sons of his servant Isaac. And in the morning Jacob told his father Isaac the
vow which he had vowed to the Lord, and the vision which he had seen, and that
he had built an altar, and that everything was ready for the sacrifice to be
27 made before the Lord as he had vowed, and that he had come to set him on
an ass. And Isaac said unto Jacob his son: 'I am not able to go with thee; for I
am old and not able to bear the way: go, my son, in peace; for I am one hundred
and sixty-five years this day; I am no longer able to
28 journey; set thy
mother (on an ass) and let her go with thee. And I know, my son, that thou hast
come on my account, and may this day be blessed on which thou hast seen me
alive, and I also have
29 seen thee, my son. Mayest thou prosper and fulfil
the vow which thou hast vowed; and put not off thy vow; for thou shalt be called
to account as touching the vow; now therefore make haste to perform it, and may
He be pleased who has made all things, to whom thou hast vowed the vow.'
30
And he said to Rebecca: 'Go with Jacob thy son'; and Rebecca went with Jacob her
son, and
31 Deborah with her, and they came to Bethel. And Jacob remembered
the prayer with which his father had blessed him and his two sons, Levi and
Judah, and he rejoiced and blessed the God of his
32 fathers, Abraham and
Isaac. And he said: 'Now I know that I have an eternal hope, and my sons also,
before the God of all'; and thus is it ordained concerning the two; and they
record it as an eternal testimony unto them on the heavenly tablets how Isaac
blessed them.
1 And he abode that night at Bethel, and Levi dreamed that they had
ordained and made him the priest of the Most High God, him and his sons for
ever; and he awoke from his sleep and blessed
2 the Lord. And Jacob rose
early in the morning, on the fourteenth of this month, and he gave a tithe of
all that came with him, both of men and cattle, both of gold and every vessel
and garment,
3 yea, he gave tithes of all. And in those days Rachel became
pregnant with her son Benjamin. And Jacob counted his sons from him upwards and
Levi fell to the portion of the Lord, and his
4 father clothed him in the
garments of the priesthood and filled his hands. And on the fifteenth of this
month, he brought to the altar fourteen oxen from amongst the cattle, and
twenty-eight rams, and forty-nine sheep, and seven lambs, and twenty-one kids of
the goats as a burnt-offering on the
5 altar of sacrifice, well pleasing for
a sweet savour before God. This was his offering, in consequence of the vow
which he had vowed that he would give a tenth, with their fruit-offerings and
their drink-
6 offerings. And when the fire had consumed it, he burnt
incense on the fire over the fire, and for a thank-offering two oxen and four
rams and four sheep, four he-goats, and two sheep of a year old,
7 and two
kids of the goats; and thus he did daily for seven days. And he and all his sons
and his men were eating (this) with joy there during seven days and blessing and
thanking the Lord, who
8 had delivered him out of all his tribulation and
had given him his vow. And he tithed all the clean animals, and made a burnt
sacrifice, but the unclean animals he gave (not) to Levi his son, and he
9
gave him all the souls of the men And Levi discharged the priestly office at
Bethel before Jacob his father in preference to his ten brothers, and he was a
priest there, and Jacob gave his vow: thus
10 he tithed again the tithe to
the Lord and sanctified it, and it became holy unto Him. And for this reason it
is ordained on the heavenly tablets as a law for the tithing again the tithe to
eat before the Lord from year to year, in the place where it is chosen that His
name should dwell, and to this law
11 there is no limit of days for ever.
This ordinance is written that it may be fulfilled from year to year in eating
the second tithe before the Lord in the place where it has been chosen, and
nothing
12 shall remain over from it from this year to the year following.
For in its year shall the seed be eaten till the days of the gathering of the
seed of the year, and the wine till the days of the wine,
13 and the oil
till the days of its season. And all that is left thereof and becomes old, let
it be regarded
14 as polluted: let it be burnt with fire, for it is unclean.
And thus let them eat it together in the
15 sanctuary, and let them not
suffer it to become old. And all the tithes of the oxen and sheep shall be holy
unto the Lord, and shall belong to his priests, which they will eat before Him
from year to
16 year; for thus is it ordained and engraven regarding the
tithe on the heavenly tablets. And on the following night, on the twenty-second
day of this month, Jacob resolved to build that place, and to surround the court
with a wall, and to sanctify it and make it holy for ever, for himself and his
children
17 after him. And the Lord appeared to him by night and blessed him
and said unto him: 'Thy name
18 shall not be called Jacob, but Israel shall
they name thy name.' And He said unto him again: 'I am the Lord who created the
heaven and the earth, and I will increase thee and multiply thee exceedingly,
and kings shall come forth from thee, and they shall judge everywhere wherever
the foot
19 of the sons of men has trodden. And I will give to thy seed all
the earth which is under heaven, and they shall judge all the nations according
to their desires, and after that they shall get possession
20 of the whole
earth and inherit it for ever.' And He finished speaking with him, and He went
up
21 from him. and Jacob looked till He had ascended into heaven. And he
saw in a vision of the night, and behold an angel descended from heaven with
seven tablets in his hands, and he gave them to Jacob, and he read them and knew
all that was written therein which would befall him and his sons
21
throughout all the ages. And he showed him all that was written on the tablets,
and said unto him: 'Do not build this place, and do not make it an eternal
sanctuary, and do not dwell here; for this is not the place. Go to the house of
Abraham thy father and dwell with Isaac thy father until the day
23 of the
death of thy father. For in Egypt thou shalt die in peace, and in this land thou
shalt be buried
24 with honour in the sepulchre of thy fathers, with Abraham
and Isaac. Fear not, for as thou hast seen and read it, thus shall it all be;
and do thou write down everything as thou hast seen and read.'
25 And Jacob
said: 'Lord, how can I remember all that I have read and seen? 'And he said unto
26 him: 'I will bring all things to thy remembrance.' And he went up from
him, and he awoke from his sleep, and he remembered everything which he had read
and seen, and he wrote down all the
27 words which he had read and seen. And
he celebrated there yet another day, and he sacrificed thereon according to all
that he sacrificed on the former days, and called its name 'Addition,' for
28 this day was added and the former days he called 'The Feast '. And thus
it was manifested that it should be, and it is written on the heavenly tablets:
wherefore it was revealed to him that he should
29 celebrate it, and add it
to the seven days of the feast. And its name was called 'Addition,' because that
it was recorded amongst the days of the feast days, according to the number of
30 the days of the year. And in the night, on the twenty-third of this
month, Deborah Rebecca's nurse died, and they buried her beneath the city under
the oak of the river, and he called the name of this
31 place, 'The river of
Deborah,' and the oak, 'The oak of the mourning of Deborah.' And Rebecca went
and returned to her house to his father Isaac, and Jacob sent by her hand rams
and sheep and
32 he-goats that she should prepare a meal for his father such
as he desired. And he went after his
33 mother till he came to the land of
Kabratan, and he dwelt there. And Rachel bare a son in the night, and called his
name 'Son of my sorrow '; for she suffered in giving him birth: but his father
called his name Benjamin, on the eleventh of the eighth month in the first of
the sixth week of this
34 jubilee. [2143 A.M.] And Rachel died there and she
was buried in the land of Ephrath, the same is Bethlehem, and Jacob built a
pillar on the grave of Rachel, on the road above her grave.
1 And Jacob went and dwelt to the south of Magdaladra'ef. And he went to
his father Isaac, he
2 and Leah his wife, on the new moon of the tenth
month. And Reuben saw Bilhah, Rachel's maid,
3 the concubine of his father,
bathing in water in a secret place, and he loved her. And he hid himself at
night, and he entered the house of Bilhah [at night], and he found her sleeping
alone on a bed in
4 her house. And he lay with her, and she awoke and saw,
and behold Reuben was lying with her in the bed, and she uncovered the border of
her covering and seized him, and cried out, and discovered
5 that it was
Reuben. And she was ashamed because of him, and released her hand from him, and
he
6,7 fled. And she lamented because of this thing exceedingly, and did not
tell it to any one. And when Jacob returned and sought her, she said unto him:
'I am not clean for thee, for I have been defiled as regards thee; for Reuben
has defiled me, and has lain with me in the night, and I was
8 asleep, and
did not discover until he uncovered my skirt and slept with me.' And Jacob was
exceedingly wroth with Reuben because he had lain with Bilhah, because he had
uncovered his
9 father's skirt. And Jacob did not approach her again because
Reuben had defiled her. And as for any man who uncovers his father's skirt his
deed is wicked exceedingly, for he is abominable before
10 the Lord. For
this reason it is written and ordained on the heavenly tablets that a man should
not lie with his father's wife, and should not uncover his father's skirt, for
this is unclean: they shall surely die together, the man who lies with his
father's wife and the woman also, for they have
11 wrought uncleanness on
the earth. And there shall be nothing unclean before our God in the nation
12 which He has chosen for Himself as a possession. And again, it is written
a second time: 'Cursed be he who lieth with the wife of his father, for he hath
uncovered his father's shame'; and all the
13 holy ones of the Lord said 'So
be it; so be it.' And do thou, Moses, command the children of Israel that they
observe this word; for it (entails) a punishment of death; and it is unclean,
and there is no atonement for ever to atone for the man who has committed this,
but he is to be put to death and slain, and stoned with stones, and rooted out
from the midst of the people of our God.
14 For to no man who does so in
Israel is it permitted to remain alive a single day on the earth, for he
15
is abominable and unclean. And let them not say: to Reuben was granted life and
forgiveness after he had lain with his father's concubine, and to her also
though she had a husband, and her husband
16 Jacob, his father, was still
alive. For until that time there had not been revealed the ordinance and
judgment and law in its completeness for all, but in thy days (it has been
revealed) as a law of
17 seasons and of days, and an everlasting law for the
everlasting generations. And for this law there is no consummation of days, and
no atonement for it, but they must both be rooted out in the midst
18 of the
nation: on the day whereon they committed it they shall slay them. And do thou,
Moses, write (it) down for Israel that they may observe it, and do according to
these words, and not commit a sin unto death; for the Lord our God is judge, who
respects not persons and accepts not gifts. And tell them these words of the
covenant, that they may hear and observe, and be on their guard with respect to
them, and not be destroyed and rooted out of the land; for an uncleanness, and
an abomination, and a contamination, and a pollution are all they who commit it
on the earth before
20 our God. And there is no greater sin than the
fornication which they commit on earth; for Israel is a holy nation unto the
Lord its God, and a nation of inheritance, and a priestly and royal nation and
for (His own) possession; and there shall no such uncleanness appear in the
midst of the holy
21 nation. And in the third year of this sixth week [2145
A.M.] Jacob and all his sons went and dwelt in the house
22 of Abraham, near
Isaac his father and Rebecca his mother. And these were the names of the sons of
Jacob: the first-born Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulon, the sons
of Leah; and the sons of Rachel, Joseph and Benjamin; and the sons of Bilhah,
Dan and Naphtali; and the sons of Zilpah, Gad and Asher; and Dinah, the daughter
of Leah, the only daughter of Jacob. And they
23 came and bowed themselves
to Isaac and Rebecca, and when they saw them they blessed Jacob and all his
sons, and Isaac rejoiced exceedingly, for he saw the sons of Jacob, his younger
son and he blessed them.
1 And in the sixth year of this week of this forty-fourth jubilee [2148
A.M.] Jacob sent his sons to pasture their
2 sheep, and his servants with
them to the pastures of Shechem. And the seven kings of the Amorites assembled
themselves together against them, to slay them, hiding themselves under the
trees, and
3 to take their cattle as a prey. And Jacob and Levi and Judah
and Joseph were in the house with Isaac their father; for his spirit was
sorrowful, and they could not leave him: and Benjamin was
4 the youngest,
and for this reason remained with his father. And there came the king[s] of
Taphu and the king[s] of 'Aresa, and the king[s] of Seragan, and the king[s] of
Selo, and the king[s] of Ga'as, and the king of Bethoron, and the king of
Ma'anisakir, and all those who dwell in these
5 mountains (and) who dwell in
the woods in the land of Canaan. And they announced this to Jacob saying:
'Behold, the kings of the Amorites have surrounded thy sons, and plundered their
herds.'
6 And he arose from his house, he and his three sons and all the
servants of his father, and his own
7 servants, and he went against them
with six thousand men, who carried swords. And he slew them in the pastures of
Shechem, and pursued those who fled, and he slew them with the edge of the
sword, and he slew 'Aresa and Taphu and Saregan and Selo and 'Amani-
8 sakir
and Ga[ga]'as, and he recovered his herds. And he prevailed over them, and
imposed tribute on them that they should pay him tribute, five fruit products of
their land, and he built Robel
9 and Tamnatares. And he returned in peace,
and made peace with them, and they became his
10 servants, until the day
that he and his sons went down into Egypt. And in the seventh year of this week
[2149 A.M.] he sent Joseph to learn about the welfare of his brothers from his
house to the land of Shechem,
11 and he found them in the land of Dothan.
And they dealt treacherously with him, and formed a plot against him to slay
him, but changing their minds, they sold him to Ishmaelite merchants, and they
brought him down into Egypt, and they sold him to Potiphar, the eunuch of
Pharaoh, the
12 chief of the cooks, priest of the city of 'Elew. And the
sons of Jacob slaughtered a kid, and dipped the coat of Joseph in the blood, and
sent (it) to Jacob their father on the tenth of the seventh month.
13 And he
mourned all that night, for they had brought it to him in the evening, and he
became feverish with mourning for his death, and he said: 'An evil beast hath
devoured Joseph'; and all the members of his house [mourned with him that day,
and they] were grieving and mourning with
14 him all that day. And his sons
and his daughter rose up to comfort him, but he refused to be
15 comforted
for his son. And on that day Bilhah heard that Joseph had perished, and she died
mourning him, and she was living in Qafratef, and Dinah also, his daughter, died
after Joseph had
16 perished. And there came these three mournings upon
Israel in one month. And they buried
17 Bilhah over against the tomb of
Rachel, and Dinah also. his daughter, they buried there. And he mourned for
Joseph one year, and did not cease, for he said 'Let me go down to the grave
mourning
18 for my son'. For this reason it is ordained for the children of
Israel that they should afflict themselves on the tenth of the seventh month -on
the day that the news which made him weep for Joseph came to Jacob his father-
that they should make atonement for themselves thereon with a young goat on the
tenth of the seventh month, once a year, for their sins; for they had grieved
the
19 affection of their father regarding Joseph his son. And this day has
been ordained that they should grieve thereon for their sins, and for all their
transgressions and for all their errors, so that they
20 might cleanse
themselves on that day once a year. And after Joseph perished, the sons of Jacob
took unto themselves wives. The name of Reuben's wife is 'Ada; and the name of
Simeon's wife is 'Adlba'a, a Canaanite; and the name of Levi's wife is Melka, of
the daughters of Aram, of the seed of the sons of Terah; and the name of Judah's
wife, Betasu'el, a Canaanite; and the name of Issachar's wife, Hezaqa: and the
name of Zabulon's wife, Ni'iman; and the name of Dan's wife, 'Egla; and the name
of Naphtali's wife, Rasu'u, of Mesopotamia; and the name of Gad's wife, Maka;
and the name of Asher's wife, 'Ijona; and the name of Joseph's wife, Asenath,
the Egyptian; and the name
21 of Benjamin's wife, 'Ijasaka. And Simeon
repented, and took a second wife from Mesopotamia as his brothers.
1 And in the first year of the first week of the forty-fifth jubilee
[2157 A.M.] Rebecca called Jacob, her son, and commanded him regarding his
father and regarding his brother, that he should honour them all the
2 days
of his life. And Jacob said: 'I will do everything as thou hast commanded me;
for this thing will be honour and greatness to me, and righteousness before the
Lord, that I should honour them.
3 And thou too, mother, knowest from the
time I was born until this day, all my deeds and all that is in
4 my heart,
that I always think good concerning all. And how should I not do this thing
which thou
5 hast commanded me, that I should honour my father and my
brother! Tell me, mother, what
6 perversity hast thou seen in me and I shall
turn away from it, and mercy will be upon me.' And she said unto him: 'My son, I
have not seen in thee all my days any perverse but (only) upright deeds. And yet
I will tell thee the truth, my son: I shall die this year, and I shall not
survive this year in my life; for I have seen in a dream the day of my death,
that I should not live beyond a hundred and fifty-five years: and behold I have
completed all the days of my life which I am to
7 live.' And Jacob laughed
at the words of his mother. because his mother had said unto him that she should
die; and she was sitting opposite to him in possession of her strength, and she
was not infirm in her strength; for she went in and out and saw, and her teeth
were strong, and no ailment
8 had touched her all the days of her life. And
Jacob said unto her: 'Blessed am I, mother, if my days approach the days of thy
life, and my strength remain with me thus as thy strength: and thou
9 wilt
not die, for thou art jesting idly with me regarding thy death.' And she went in
to Isaac and said unto him: 'One petition I make unto thee: make Esau swear that
he will not injure Jacob, nor pursue him with enmity; for thou knowest Esau's
thoughts that they are perverse from his youth,
10 and there is no goodness
in him; for he desires after thy death to kill him. And thou knowest all that he
has done since the day Jacob his brother went to Haran until this day: how he
has forsaken us with his whole heart, and has done evil to us; thy flocks he has
taken to himself, and carried off
11 all thy possessions from before thy
face. And when we implored and besought him for what was
12 our own, he did
as a man who was taking pity on us. And he is bitter against thee because thou
didst bless Jacob thy perfect and upright son; for there is no evil but only
goodness in him, and since he came from Haran unto this day he has not robbed us
of aught, for he brings us everything in its season always, and rejoices with
all his heart when we take at his hands and he blesses us, and has not parted
from us since he came from Haran until this day, and he remains with us
continually
13 at home honouring us.' And Isaac said unto her: 'I, too, know
and see the deeds of Jacob who is with us, how that with all his heart he
honours us; but I loved Esau formerly more than Jacob, because he was the
firstborn; but now I love Jacob more than Esau, for he has done manifold evil
deeds, and there is no righteousness in him, for all his ways are
unrighteousness and violence, [and
14 there is no righteousness around him.]
And now my heart is troubled because of all his deeds, and neither he nor his
seed is to be saved, for they are those who will be destroyed from the earth and
who will be rooted out from under heaven, for he has forsaken the God of Abraham
and gone
15 after his wives and after their uncleanness and after their
error, he and his children. And thou dost bid me make him swear that he will not
slay Jacob his brother; even if he swear he will not abide
16 by his oath,
and he will not do good but evil only. But if he desires to slay Jacob, his
brother, into Jacob's hands will he be given, and he will not escape from his
hands, [for he will descend into his
17 hands.] And fear thou not on account
of Jacob; for the guardian of Jacob is great and powerful
18 and honoured,
and praised more than the guardian of Esau.' And Rebecca sent and called Esau
and he came to her, and she said unto him: 'I have a petition, my son, to make
unto thee, and do
19 thou promise to do it, my son.' And he said: 'I will do
everything that thou sayest unto me, and
20 I will not refuse thy petition.'
And she said unto him: 'I ask you that the day I die, thou wilt take me in and
bury me near Sarah, thy father's mother, and that thou and Jacob will love each
other and that neither will desire evil against the other, but mutual love only,
and (so) ye will prosper, my sons, and be honoured in the midst of the land, and
no enemy will rejoice over you, and ye will be
21 a blessing and a mercy in
the eyes of all those that love you.' And he said: 'I will do all that thou hast
told me, and I shall bury thee on the day thou diest near Sarah, my father's
mother, as
22 thou hast desired that her bones may be near thy bones. And
Jacob, my brother, also, I shall love above all flesh; for I have not a brother
in all the earth but him only: and this is no great merit for me if I love him;
for he is my brother, and we were sown together in thy body, and together came
23 we forth from thy womb, and if I do not love my brother, whom shall I
love? And I, myself, beg thee to exhort Jacob concerning me and concerning my
sons, for I know that he will assuredly be king over me and my sons, for on the
day my father blessed him he made him the higher and me
24 the lower. And I
swear unto thee that I shall love him, and not desire evil against him all the
25 days of my life but good only.' And he sware unto her regarding all this
matter. And she called Jacob before the eyes of Esau, and gave him commandment
according to the words which
26 she had spoken to Esau. And he said: 'I
shall do thy pleasure; believe me that no evil will proceed from me or from my
sons against Esau, and I shall be first in naught save in love only.'
27 And
they eat and drank, she and her sons that night, and she died, three jubilees
and one week and one year old, on that night, and her two sons, Esau and Jacob,
buried her in the double cave near Sarah, their father's mother.
1 And in the sixth year of this week [2162 A.M.] Isaac called his two
sons Esau and Jacob, and they came to him, and he said unto them: 'My sons, I am
going the way of my fathers, to the eternal house
2 where my fathers are.
Wherefore bury me near Abraham my father, in the double cave in the field of
Ephron the Hittite, where Abraham purchased a sepulchre to bury in; in the
sepulchre which
3 I digged for myself, there bury me. And this I command
you, my sons, that ye practise righteousness and uprightness on the earth, so
that the Lord may bring upon you all that the Lord said that
4 he would do
to Abraham and to his seed. And love one another, my sons, your brothers as a
man who loves his own soul, and let each seek in what he may benefit his
brother, and act together on the earth; and let them love each other as their
own souls. And concerning the question of idols, I command and admonish you to
reject them and hate them, and love them not, for they are full
6 of
deception for those that worship them and for those that bow down to them.
Remember ye, my sons, the Lord God of Abraham your father, and how I too
worshipped Him and served Him in righteousness and in joy, that He might
multiply you and increase your seed as the stars of heaven in multitude, and
establish you on the earth as the plant of righteousness which will not be
rooted
7 out unto all the generations for ever. And now I shall make you
swear a great oath -for there is no oath which is greater than it by the name
glorious and honoured and great and splendid and wonderful and mighty, which
created the heavens and the earth and all things together- that ye will
8
fear Him and worship Him. And that each will love his brother with affection and
righteousness, and that neither will desire evil against his brother from
henceforth for ever all the days of your life
9 so that ye may prosper in
all your deeds and not be destroyed. And if either of you devises evil against
his brother, know that from henceforth everyone that devises evil against his
brother shall fall into his hand, and shall be rooted out of the land of the
living, and his seed shall be destroyed from
10 under heaven. But on the day
of turbulence and execration and indignation and anger, with flaming devouring
fire as He burnt Sodom, so likewise will He burn his land and his city and all
that is his, and he shall be blotted out of the book of the discipline of the
children of men, and not be recorded in the book of life, but in that which is
appointed to destruction, and he shall depart into eternal execration; so that
their condemnation may be always renewed in hate and in execration and in wrath
and in torment and in indignation and in plagues and in disease for ever. I say
and testify to you, my sons, according to the judgment which shall come upon the
man who wishes to
12 injure his brother. And he divided all his possessions
between the two on that day and he gave the larger portion to him that was the
first-born, and the tower and all that was about it, and all that
13 Abraham
possessed at the Well of the Oath. And he said: 'This larger portion I will give
to the
14 firstborn.' And Esau said, 'I have sold to Jacob and given my
birthright to Jacob; to him let it be
15 given, and I have not a single word
to say regarding it, for it is his.' And Isaac said, May a blessing rest upon
you, my sons, and upon your seed this day, for ye have given me rest, and my
heart is not
16 pained concerning the birthright, lest thou shouldest work
wickedness on account of it. May the
17 Most High God bless the man that
worketh righteousness, him and his seed for ever.' And he ended commanding them
and blessing them, and they eat and drank together before him, and he rejoiced
because there was one mind between them, and they went forth from him and rested
that day and
18 slept. And Isaac slept on his bed that day rejoicing; and he
slept the eternal sleep, and died one hundred and eighty years old. He completed
twenty-five weeks and five years; and his two sons
19 Esau and Jacob buried
him. And Esau went to the land of Edom, to the mountains of Seir, and
20
dwelt there. And Jacob dwelt in the mountains of Hebron, in the tower of the
land of the sojournings of his father Abraham, and he worshipped the Lord with
all his heart and according to the visible
21 commands according as He had
divided the days of his generations. And Leah his wife died in the fourth year
of the second week of the forty-fifth jubilee, [2167 A.M.] and he buried her in
the double cave
23 near Rebecca his mother to the left of the grave of
Sarah, his father's mother and all her sons and his sons came to mourn over Leah
his wife with him and to comfort him regarding her, for he
24 was lamenting
her for he loved her exceedingly after Rachel her sister died; for she was
perfect and upright in all her ways and honoured Jacob,and all the days that she
lived with him he did not hear from her mouth a harsh word, for she was gentle
and peaceable and upright and honourable
24 And he remembered all her deeds
which she had done during her life and he lamented her exceedingly; for he loved
her with all his heart and with all his soul.
1 And on the day that Isaac the father of Jacob and Esau died, [2162
A.M.] the sons of Esau heard that Isaac
2 had given the portion of the elder
to his younger son Jacob and they were very angry. And they strove with their
father, saying 'Why has thy father given Jacob the portion of the elder and
passed
3 over thee, although thou art the elder and Jacob the younger?' And
he said unto them 'Because I sold my birthright to Jacob for a small mess of
lentils, and on the day my father sent me to hunt and catch and bring him
something that he should eat and bless me, he came with guile and brought
4
my father food and drink, and my father blessed him and put me under his hand.
And now our father has caused us to swear, me and him, that we shall not
mutually devise evil, either against his brother, and that we shall continue in
love and in peace each with his brother and not make our ways
5 corrupt.'
And they said unto him, 'We shall not hearken unto thee to make peace with him;
for our strength is greater than his strength, and we are more powerful than he;
we shall go against him and slay him, and destroy him and his sons. And if thou
wilt not go with us, we shall do hurt
6 to thee also. And now hearken unto
us: Let us send to Aram and Philistia and Moab and Ammon, and let us choose for
ourselves chosen men who are ardent for battle, and let us go against him and do
battle with him, and let us exterminate him from the earth before he grows
strong.'
7 And their father said unto them, 'Do not go and do not make war
with him lest ye fall before him.'
8 And they said unto him, 'This too, is
exactly thy mode of action from thy youth until this day, and
9 thou art
putting thy neck under his yoke. We shall not hearken to these words.' And they
sent to Aram, and to 'Aduram to the friend of their father, and they hired along
with them one thousand
10 fighting men, chosen men of war. And there came to
them from Moab and from the children of Ammon, those who were hired, one
thousand chosen men, and from Philistia, one thousand chosen men of war, and
from Edom and from the Horites one thousand chosen fighting men, and from the
11 Kittim mighty men of war. And they said unto their father: Go forth with
them and lead them,
12 else we shall slay thee.' And he was filled with
wrath and indignation on seeing that his sons were forcing him to go before
(them) to lead them against Jacob his brother. But afterward he remem-
13
bered all the evil which lay hidden in his heart against Jacob his brother; and
he remembered not the oath which he had sworn to his father and to his mother
that he would devise no evil all his days
14 against Jacob his brother. And
notwithstanding all this, Jacob knew not that they were coming against him to
battle, and he was mourning for Leah, his wife, until they approached very near
to the
15 tower with four thousand warriors and chosen men of war And the
men of Hebron sent to him saying, 'Behold thy brother has come against thee, to
fight thee, with four thousand girt with the sword, and they carry shields and
weapons'; for they loved Jacob more than Esau. So they told him; for
16
Jacob was a more liberal and merciful man than Esau. But Jacob would not believe
until they came
17 very near to the tower. And he closed the gates of the
tower; and he stood on the battlements and spake to his brother Esau and said,
'Noble is the comfort wherewith thou hast come to comfort me for my wife who has
died. Is this the oath that thou didst swear to thy father and again to thy
mother before they died? Thou hast broken the oath, and on the moment that thou
didst swear to
18 thy father wast thou condemned.' And then Esau answered
and said unto him, 'Neither the children of men nor the beasts of the earth have
any oath of righteousness which in swearing they have sworn (an oath valid) for
ever; but every day they devise evil one against another, and how each
19
may slay his adversary and foe. And thou dost hate me and my children for ever.
And there is
20 no observing the tie of brotherhood with thee. Hear these
words which I declare unto thee,
Or
if it can cause horns to sprout forth on its head like the horns of a stag or of
a sheep,
Then will I observe the tie of brotherhood with thee
And if the
breasts separated themselves from their mother, for thou hast not been a brother
to me.
21 And if the wolves make peace with the lambs so as not to devour or
do them violence,
And if their hearts are towards them for good,
Then
there shall be peace in my heart towards thee
And if he is bound under one yoke with him and ploughs with him,
Then
will I make peace with thee.
23 And when the raven becomes white as the
raza,
Then know that I have loved thee
And shall make peace with thee
Thou shalt be rooted out,
And thy sons shall be rooted out,
And
there shall be no peace for thee'
25 the spear that pierces and kills it, and
recoils not from it; then he spake to his own and to his servants that they
should attack him and all his companions.
1 And after that Judah spake to Jacob, his father, and said unto him:
'Bend thy bow, father, and send forth thy arrows and cast down the adversary and
slay the enemy; and mayst thou have the power, for we shall not slay thy
brother, for he is such as thou, and he is like thee let us give him
2
(this) honour.' Then Jacob bent his bow and sent forth the arrow and struck
Esau, his brother (on
3 his right breast) and slew him. And again he sent
forth an arrow and struck 'Adoran the Aramaean,
4 on the left breast, and
drove him backward and slew him And then went forth the sons of Jacob,
5
they and their servants, dividing themselves into companies on the four sides of
the tower. And Judah went forth in front, and Naphtali and Gad with him and
fifty servants with him on the south side of the tower, and they slew all they
found before them, and not one individual of them escaped.
6 And Levi and
Dan and Asher went forth on the east side of the tower, and fifty (men) with
them,
7 and they slew the fighting men of Moab and Ammon. And Reuben and
Issachar and Zebulon went forth on the north side of the tower, and fifty men
with them, and they slew the fighting men of the
8 Philistines. And Simeon
and Benjamin and Enoch, Reuben's son, went forth on the west side of the tower,
and fifty (men) with them, and they slew of Edom and of the Horites four hundred
men, stout warriors; and six hundred fled, and four of the sons of Esau fled
with them, and left their father
9 lying slain, as he had fallen on the hill
which is in 'Aduram. And the sons of Jacob pursued after them to the mountains
of Seir. And Jacob buried his brother on the hill which is in 'Aduram, and
10 he returned to his house. And the sons of Jacob pressed hard upon the
sons of Esau in the moun-
11 tains of Seir, and bowed their necks so that
they became servants of the sons of Jacob. And they
12 sent to their father
(to inquire) whether they should make peace with them or slay them. And Jacob
sent word to his sons that they should make peace, and they made peace with
them, and placed the
13 yoke of servitude upon them, so that they paid
tribute to Jacob and to his sons always. And they
14 continued to pay
tribute to Jacob until the day that he went down into Egypt. And the sons of
Edom have not got quit of the yoke of servitude which the twelve sons of Jacob
had imposed on
15 them until this day. And these are the kings that reigned
in Edom before there reigned any king
16 over the children of Israel [until
this day] in the land of Edom. And Balaq, the son of Beor, reigned
17 in
Edom, and the name of his city was Danaba. And Balaq died, and Jobab, the son of
Zara of
18 Boser, reigned in his stead. And Jobab died, and 'Asam, of the
land of Teman, reigned in his stead.
19 And 'Asam died, and 'Adath, the son
of Barad, who slew Midian in the field of Moab, reigned in his
20 stead, and
the name of his city was Avith. And 'Adath died, and Salman, from 'Amaseqa,
reigned
21,22 in his stead. And Salman died,and Saul of Ra'aboth (by the)
river, reigned in his stead. And Saul
23 died, and Ba'elunan, the son of
Achbor, reigned in his stead. And Ba'elunan, the son of Achbor died, and 'Adath
reigned in his stead, and the name of his wife was Maitabith, the daughter of
25 Matarat, the daughter of Metabedza'ab. These are the kings who reigned in
the land of Edom.
1,2 And Jacob dwelt in the land of his father's sojournings in the land
of Canaan. These are the generations of Jacob. And Joseph was seventeen years
old when they took him down into
3 the land of Egypt, and Potiphar, an
eunuch of Pharaoh, the chief cook bought him. And he set Joseph over all his
house and the blessing of the Lord came upon the house of the Egyptian on
4
account of Joseph, and the Lord prospered him in all that he did. And the
Egyptian committed everything into the hands of Joseph; for he saw that the Lord
was with him, and that the
5 Lord prospered him in all that he did. And
Joseph's appearance was comely [and very beautiful was his appearance], and his
master's wife lifted up her eyes and saw Joseph, and she loved him
6 and
besought him to lie with her. But he did not surrender his soul, and he
remembered the Lord and the words which Jacob, his father, used to read from
amongst the words of Abraham, that no man should commit fornication with a woman
who has a husband; that for him the punishment of death has been ordained in the
heavens before the Most High God, and the sin
7 will be recorded against him
in the eternal books continually before the Lord. And Joseph
8 remembered
these words and refused to lie with her. And she besought him for a year, but he
9 refused and would not listen. But she embraced him and held him fast in
the house in order to force him to lie with her, and closed the doors of the
house and held him fast; but he left
10 his garment in her hands and broke
through the door and fled without from her presence. And the woman saw that he
would not lie with her, and she calumniated him in the presence of his lord,
saying 'Thy Hebrew servant, whom thou lovest, sought to force me so that he
might lie with me; and it came to pass when I lifted up my voice that he fled
and left his garment in
11 my hands when I held him, and he brake through
the door.' And the Egyptian saw the garment of Joseph and the broken door, and
heard the words of his wife, and cast Joseph into
12 prison into the place
where the prisoners were kept whom the king imprisoned. And he was there in the
prison; and the Lord gave Joseph favour in the sight of the chief of the prison
guards and compassion before him, for he saw that the Lord was with him, and
that the Lord
13 made all that he did to prosper. And he committed all
things into his hands, and the chief of the prison guards knew of nothing that
was with him, for Joseph did every thing, and the
14 Lord perfected it. And
he remained there two years. And in those days Pharaoh, king of Egypt was wroth
against his two eunuchs, against the chief butler, and against the chief baker,
and he put
15 them in ward in the house of the chief cook, in the prison
where Joseph was kept. And the chief of
16 the prison guards appointed
Joseph to serve them; and he served before them. And they both
17 dreamed a
dream, the chief butler and the chief baker, and they told it to Joseph. And as
he interpreted to them so it befell them, and Pharaoh restored the chief butler
to his office and the
18 (chief) baker he slew, as Joseph had interpreted to
them. But the chief butler forgot Joseph in the prison, although he had informed
him what would befall him, and did not remember to inform Pharaoh how Joseph had
told him, for he forgot.
1 And in those days Pharaoh dreamed two dreams in one night concerning a
famine which was to be in all the land, and he awoke from his sleep and called
all the interpreters of dreams that were in Egypt, and magicians, and told them
his two dreams, and they were not able to declare (them).
2 And then the
chief butler remembered Joseph and spake of him to the king, and he brought him
3 forth from the prison, and he to]d his two dreams before him. And he said
before Pharaoh that his two dreams were one, and he said unto him: 'Seven years
shall come (in which there shall be) plenty over all the land of Egypt, and
after that seven years of famine, such a famine as has not been in all
4 the
land. And now let Pharaoh appoint overseers in all the land of Egypt, and let
them store up food in every city throughout the days of the years of plenty, and
there will be food for the seven
5 years of famine, and the land will not
perish through the famine, for it will be very severe.' And the Lord gave Joseph
favour and mercy in the eyes of Pharaoh, and Pharaoh said unto his servants. We
shall not find such a wise and discreet man as this man, for the spirit of the
Lord is with
6 him.' And he appointed him the second in all his kingdom and
gave him authority over all
7 Egypt, and caused him to ride in the second
chariot of Pharaoh. And he clothed him with byssus garments, and he put a gold
chain upon his neck, and (a herald) proclaimed before him ' 'El 'El wa 'Abirer,'
and placed a ring on his hand and made him ruler over all his house, and
magnified him, and
8 said unto him. 'Only on the throne shall I be greater
than thou.' And Joseph ruled over all the land of Egypt, and all the princes of
Pharaoh, and all his servants, and all who did the king's business loved him,
for he walked in uprightness, for he was without pride and arrogance, and he had
no respect of persons, and did not accept gifts, but he judged in uprightness
all the people of the land.
9 And the land of Egypt was at peace before
Pharaoh because of Joseph, for the Lord was with him, and gave him favour and
mercy for all his generations before all those who knew him and those who heard
concerning him, and Pharaoh's kingdom was well ordered, and there was no Satan
and no evil
10 person (therein). And the king called Joseph's name
Sephantiphans, and gave Joseph to wife the
11 daughter of Potiphar, the
daughter of the priest of Heliopolis, the chief cook. And on the day that
12
Joseph stood before Pharaoh he was thirty years old [when he stood before
Pharaoh]. And in that year Isaac died. And it came to pass as Joseph had said in
the interpretation of his two dreams, according as he had said it, there were
seven years of plenty over all the land of Egypt, and the
13 land of Egypt
abundantly produced, one measure (producing) eighteen hundred measures. And
Joseph gathered food into every city until they were full of corn until they
could no longer count and measure it for its multitude.
1 And in the forty-fifth jubilee, in the second week, (and) in the
second year, [2165 A.M.] Judah took for his
2 first-born Er, a wife from the
daughters of Aram, named Tamar. But he hated, and did not lie with her, because
his mother was of the daughters of Canaan, and he wished to take him a wife of
the
3 kinsfolk of his mother, but Judah, his father, would not permit him.
And this Er, the first-born of Judah,
4 was wicked, and the Lord slew him.
And Judah said unto Onan, his brother 'Go in unto thy brother's wife and perform
the duty of a husband's brother unto her, and raise up seed unto thy brother.'
And
5 Onan knew that the seed would not be his, (but) his brother's only,
and he went into the house of his brother's wife, and spilt the seed on the
ground, and he was wicked in the eyes of the Lord, and He slew
6 him. And
Judah said unto Tamar, his daughter-in-law: 'Remain in thy father's house as a
widow till
7 Shelah my son be grown up, and I shall give thee to him to
wife.' And he grew up; but Bedsu'el, the wife of Judah, did not permit her son
Shelah to marry. And Bedsu'el, the wife of Judah, died [2168 A.M.]
10 way to Timnah. And as
Judah was going along he found her, and thought her to be an harlot, and he said
unto her: 'Let me come in unto thee'; and she said unto him Come in,' and he
went
11 in. And she said unto him: 'Give me my hire'; and he said unto her:
'I have nothing in my
12 hand save my ring that is on my finger, and my
necklace, and my staff which is in my hand.' And she said unto him 'Give them to
me until thou dost send me my hire', and he said unto her: 'I will send unto
thee a kid of the goats'; and he gave them to her,
13,14 she conceived by him. And Judah went unto his sheep, and she
went to her father's house. And Judah sent a kid of the goats by the hand of his
shepherd, an Adullamite, and he found her not; and he asked the people of the
place, saying: 'Where is the harlot who was here?' And they said
15 unto
him; 'There is no harlot here with us.' And he returned and informed him, and
said unto him that he had not found her: 'I asked the people of the place, and
they said unto me: "There
16 is no harlot here." ' And he said: 'Let her
keep (them) lest we become a cause of derision.' And when she had completed
three months, it was manifest that she was with child, and they told Judah,
17 saying: 'Behold Tamar, thy daughter-in-law, is with child by whoredom.'
And Judah went to the house of her father, and said unto her father and her
brothers: 'Bring her forth, and let them burn
18 her, for she hath wrought
uncleanness in Israel.' And it came to pass when they brought her forth to burn
her that she sent to her father-in-law the ring and the necklace, and the staff,
saying:
19 'Discern whose are these, for by him am I with child.' And Judah
acknowledged, and said: 'Tamar
20 is more righteous than I am. And therefore
let them burn her not' And for that reason she was
21 not given to Shelah,
and he did not again approach her And after that she bare two sons, Perez [2170
A.M.]
23 were accomplished, of which Joseph spake
to Pharaoh. And Judah acknowledged that the deed which he had done was evil, for
he had lain with his daughter-in-law, and he esteemed it hateful in his eyes,
and he acknowledged that he had transgressed and gone astray, for he had
uncovered the skirt of his son, and he began to lament and to supplicate before
the Lord because of his transgression.
24 And we told him in a dream that it
was forgiven him because he supplicated earnestly, and lamented,
25 and did
not again commit it. And he received forgiveness because he turned from his sin
and from his ignorance, for he transgressed greatly before our God; and every
one that acts thus, every one who lies with his mother-in-law, let them burn him
with fire that he may burn therein, for there is
26 uncleanness and
pollution upon them, with fire let them burn them. And do thou command the
children of Israel that there be no uncleanness amongst them, for every one who
lies with his daughter-in-law or with his mother-in-law hath wrought
uncleanness; with fire let them burn the man who has lain with her, and likewise
the woman, and He will turn away wrath and punishment
27 from Israel. And
unto Judah we said that his two sons had not lain with her, and for this reason
28 his seed was stablished for a second generation, and would not be rooted
out. For in singleness of eye he had gone and sought for punishment, namely,
according to the judgment of Abraham, which he had commanded his sons, Judah had
sought to burn her with fire.
1 And in the first year of the third week of the forty-fifth jubilee the
famine began to come into the [2171 A.M.]
3 seven years of
plenty and had preserved it. And the Egyptians came to Joseph that he might give
them food, and he opened the store-houses where was the grain of the first year,
and he sold it to
4 the people of the land for gold.
5 that went (there). And Joseph recognised them, but they
did not recognise him, and he spake unto them and questioned them, and he said
unto them; 'Are ye not spies and have ye not come to
6 explore the
approaches of the land? 'And he put them in ward. And after that he set them
free
7 again, and detained Simeon alone and sent off his nine brothers. And
he filled their sacks with corn,
8 and he put their gold in their sacks, and
they did not know. And he commanded them to bring
9 their younger brother,
for they had told him their father was living and their younger brother. And
they went up from the land of Egypt and they came to the land of Canaan; and
they told their father all that had befallen them, and how the lord of the
country had spoken roughly to them, and
10 had seized Simeon till they
should bring Benjamin. And Jacob said: 'Me have ye bereaved of my children!
Joseph is not and Simeon also is not, and ye will take Benjamin away. On me has
your
11 wickedness come. 'And he said: 'My son will not go down with you
lest perchance he fall sick; for their mother gave birth to two sons, and one
has perished, and this one also ye will take from me. If perchance he took a
fever on the road, ye would bring down my old age with sorrow unto death.'
12 For he saw that their money had been returned to every man in his sack,
and for this reason he
13 feared to send him. And the famine increased and
became sore in the land of Canaan, and in all lands save in the land of Egypt,
for many of the children of the Egyptians had stored up their seed for food from
the time when they saw Joseph gathering seed together and putting it in
storehouses
14 and preserving it for the years of famine. And the people of
Egypt fed themselves thereon during
15 the first year of their famine But
when Israel saw that the famine was very sore in the land, and that there was no
deliverance, he said unto his sons: 'Go again, and procure food for us that we
die
16 not.' And they said: 'We shall not go; unless our youngest brother go
with us, we shall not go.'
17 And Israel saw that if he did not send him
with them, they should all perish by reason of the famine
18 And Reuben
said: 'Give him into my hand, and if I do not bring him back to thee, slay my
two
19 sons instead of his soul.' And he said unto him: 'He shall not go
with thee.' And Judah came near and said: 'Send him with me, and if I do not
bring him back to thee, let me bear the blame before
20 thee all the days of
my life.' And he sent him with them in the second year of this week on the [2172
A.m.] first day of the month, and they came to the land of Egypt with all those
who went, and (they had)
21 presents in their hands, stacte and almonds and
terebinth nuts and pure honey. And they went and stood before Joseph, and he saw
Benjamin his brother, and he knew him, and said unto them: Is this your youngest
brother?' And they said unto him: 'It is he.' And he said The Lord be
22
gracious to thee, my son!' And he sent him into his house and he brought forth
Simeon unto them and he made a feast for them, and they presented to him the
gift which they had brought in their
23 hands. And they eat before him and
he gave them all a portion, but the portion of Benjamin was
24 seven times
larger than that of any of theirs. And they eat and drank and arose and remained
with
25 their asses. And Joseph devised a plan whereby he might learn their
thoughts as to whether thoughts of peace prevailed amongst them, and he said to
the steward who was over his house: 'Fill all their sacks with food, and return
their money unto them into their vessels, and my cup, the silver cup out of
which I drink, put it in the sack of the youngest, and send them away.'
1 And he did as Joseph had told him, and filled all their sacks for them
with food and put their
2 money in their sacks, and put the cup in
Benjamin's sack. Aud early in the morning they departed, and it came to pass
that, when they had gone from thence, Joseph said unto the steward of his house:
'Pursue them, run and seize them, saying, "For good ye have requited me with
evil; you have stolen from me the silver cup out of which my lord drinks." And
bring back to me their
3 youngest brother, and fetch (him) quickly before I
go forth to my seat of judgment.' And he ran
4 after them and said unto them
according to these words. And they said unto him: 'God forbid that thy servants
should do this thing, and steal from the house of thy lord any utensil, and the
money also which we found in our sacks the first time, we thy servants brought
back from the land of
5 Canaan. How then should we steal any utensil? Behold
here are we and our sacks search, and wherever thou findest the cup in the sack
of any man amongst us, let him be slain, and we and our
6 asses will serve
thy lord.' And he said unto them: 'Not so, the man with whom I find, him only
7 shall I take as a servant, and ye shall return in peace unto your house.'
And as he was searching in their vessels, beginning with the eldest and ending
with the youngest, it was found in Benjamin's
8 sack. And they rent their
garments, and laded their asses, and returned to the city and came to the
9
house of Joseph, and they all bowed themselves on their faces to the ground
before him. And Joseph said unto them: 'Ye have done evil.' And they said: 'What
shall we say and how shall we defend ourselves? Our lord hath discovered the
transgression of his servants; behold we are the
10 servants of our lord,
and our asses also. 'And Joseph said unto them: 'I too fear the Lord; as for
you, go ye to your homes and let your brother be my servant, for ye have done
evil. Know ye not
11 that a man delights in his cup as I with this cup? And
yet ye have stolen it from me.' And Judah said: 'O my lord, let thy servant, I
pray thee, speak a word in my lord's ear two brothers did thy servant's mother
bear to our father: one went away and was lost, and hath not been found, and he
alone is left of his mother, and thy servant our father loves him, and his life
also is bound up with
12 the life of this (lad). And it will come to pass,
when we go to thy servant our father, and the lad is
13 not with us, that he
will die, and we shall bring down our father with sorrow unto death. Now rather
let me, thy servant, abide instead of the boy as a bondsman unto my lord, and
let the lad go with his brethren, for I became surety for him at the hand of thy
servant our father, and if I do not
14 bring him back, thy servant will hear
the blame to our father for ever.' And Joseph saw that they were all accordant
in goodness one with another, and he could not refrain himself, and he told them
15 that he was Joseph. And he conversed with them in the Hebrew tongue and
fell on their neck and
16 wept. But they knew him not and they began to
weep. And he said unto them: 'Weep not over me, but hasten and bring my father
to me; and ye see that it is my mouth that speaketh and the
17 eyes of my
brother Benjamin see. For behold this is the second year of the famine, and
there are
18 still five years without harvest or fruit of trees or
ploughing. Come down quickly ye and your households, so that ye perish not
through the famine, and do not be grieved for your possessions, for
19 the
Lord sent me before you to set things in order that many people might live. And
tell my father that I am still alive, and ye, behold, ye see that the Lord has
made me as a father to Pharaoh,
20 and ruler over his house and over all the
land of Egypt. And tell my father of all my glory, and
21 all the riches and
glory that the Lord hath given me.' And by the command of the mouth of Pharaoh
he gave them chariots and provisions for the way, and he gave them all
many-coloured
21 raiment and silver. And to their father he sent raiment and
silver and ten asses which carried corn,
23 and he sent them away. And they
went up and told their father that Joseph was alive, and was measuring out corn
to all the nations of the earth, and that he was ruler over all the land of
Egypt.
24 And their father did not believe it, for he was beside himself in
his mind; but when he saw the wagons which Joseph had sent, the life of his
spirit revived, and he said: 'It is enough for me if Joseph lives; I will go
down and see him before I die.'
1 And Israel took his journey from Haran from his house on the new moon
of the third month, and he went on the way of the Well of the Oath, and he
offered a sacrifice to the God of his
2 father Isaac on the seventh of this
month. And Jacob remembered the dream that he had seen
3 at Bethel, and he
feared to go down into Egypt. And while he was thinking of sending word to
Joseph to come to him, and that he would not go down, he remained there seven
days, if
4 perchance he could see a vision as to whether he should remain or
go down. And he celebrated the harvest festival of the first-fruits with old
grain, for in all the land of Canaan there was not a handful of seed [in the
land], for the famine was over all the beasts and cattle and
5 birds, and
also over man. And on the sixteenth the Lord appeared unto him, and said unto
him, 'Jacob, Jacob'; and he said, 'Here am I.' And He said unto him: 'I am the
God of thy fathers, the God of Abraham and Isaac; fear not to go down into
Egypt, for I will there make of thee
6 a great nation I will go down with
thee, and I will bring thee up (again), and in this land shalt thou be buried,
and Joseph shall put his hands upon thy eyes. Fear not; go down into Egypt.'
7 And his sons rose up, and his sons' sons, and they placed their father and
their possessions upon
8 wagons. And Israel rose up from the Well of the
Oath on the sixteenth of this third month, and he
9 went to the land of
Egypt. And Israel sent Judah before him to his son Joseph to examine the Land of
Goshen, for Joseph had told his brothers that they should come and dwell there
that they
10 might be near him. And this was the goodliest (land) in the
land of Egypt, and near to him, for all
11 (of them) and also for the
cattle. And these are the names of the sons of Jacob who went into
12 Egypt
with Jacob their father Reuben, the First-born of Israel; and these are the
names of his
13 sons Enoch, and Pallu, and Hezron and Carmi-five. Simeon and
his sons; and these are the names of his sons: Jemuel, and Jamin, and Ohad, and
Jachin, and Zohar, and Shaul, the son
14 of the Zephathite woman-seven. Levi
and his sons; and these are the names of his sons: Gershon, and Kohath, and
Merari-four. Judah and his sons; and these are the names of his sons:
15
Shela, and Perez, and Zerah-four. Issachar and his sons; and these are the names
of his sons:
17 Tola, and Phua, and Jasub, and Shimron-five. Zebulon and his
sons; and these are the names of
18 his sons: Sered, and Elon, and
Jahleel-four. And these are the sons of Jacob and their sons whom Leah bore to
Jacob in Mesopotamia, six, and their one sister, Dinah and all the souls of the
sons of Leah, and their sons, who went with Jacob their father into Egypt, were
twenty-nine, and Jacob their
19 father being with them, they were thirty.
And the sons of Zilpah, Leah's handmaid, the wife of
20 Jacob, who bore unto
Jacob Gad and Ashur. And there are the names of their sons who went with him
into Egypt. The sons of Gad: Ziphion, and Haggi, and Shuni, and Ezbon, (and Eri,
and Areli,
21 and Arodi-eight. And the sons of Asher: Imnah, and Ishvah,
(and Ishvi), and Beriah, and Serah,
22,23 their one sister-six. All the
souls were fourteen, and all those of Leah were forty-four. And the
24 sons
of Rachel, the wife of Jacob: Joseph and Benjamin. And there were born to Joseph
in Egypt before his father came into Egypt, those whom Asenath, daughter of
Potiphar priest of Heliopolis
25 bare unto him, Manasseh, and Ephraim-three.
And the sons of Benjamin: Bela and Becher and Ashbel, Gera, and Naaman, and Ehi,
and Rosh, and Muppim, and Huppim, and Ard-eleven.
26,27 And all the souls of
Rachel were fourteen. And the sons of Bilhah, the handmaid of Rachel, the
28
wife of Jacob, whom she bare to Jacob, were Dan and Naphtali. And these are the
names of their sons who went with them into Egypt. And the sons of Dan were
Hushim, and Samon, and Asudi.
29 and 'Ijaka, and Salomon-six. And they died
the year in which they entered into Egypt, and there
30 was left to Dan
Hushim alone. And these are the names of the sons of Naphtali Jahziel, and Guni
31 and Jezer, and Shallum, and 'Iv. And 'Iv, who was born after the years of
famine, died in Egypt.
32,33 And all the souls of Rachel were twenty-six.
And all the souls of Jacob which went into Egypt were seventy souls. These are
his children and his children's children, in all seventy, but five died
34
in Egypt before Joseph, and had no children. And in the land of Canaan two sons
of Judah died, Er and Onan, and they had no children, and the children of Israel
buried those who perished, and they were reckoned among the seventy Gentile
nations.
1 And Israel went into the country of Egypt, into the land of Goshen, on
the new moon of the fourth [2172 A.M].
2 month, in the second year of the
third week of the forty-fifth jubilee. And Joseph went to meet his
3 father
Jacob, to the land of Goshen, and he fell on his father's neck and wept. And
Israel said unto Joseph: 'Now let me die since I have seen thee, and now may the
Lord God of Israel be blessed the God of Abraham and the God of Isaac who hath
not withheld His mercy and His grace from
4 His servant Jacob. It is enough
for me that I have seen thy face whilst I am yet alive; yea, true is the vision
which I saw at Bethel. Blessed be the Lord my God for ever and ever, and blessed
be
5 His name.' And Joseph and his brothers eat bread before their father
and drank wine, and Jacob rejoiced with exceeding great joy because he saw
Joseph eating with his brothers and drinking before him, and he blessed the
Creator of all things who had preserved him, and had preserved for him his
6
twelve sons. And Joseph had given to his father and to his brothers as a gift
the right of dwelling in the land of Goshen and in Rameses and all the region
round about, which he ruled over before Pharaoh. And Israel and his sons dwelt
in the land of Goshen, the best part of the land of Egypt
7 and Israel was
one hundred and thirty years old when he came into Egypt. And Joseph nourished
his father and his brethren and also their possessions with bread as much as
sufficed them for the
8 seven years of the famine. And the land of Egypt
suffered by reason of the famine, and Joseph acquired all the land of Egypt for
Pharaoh in return for food, and he got possession of the people
9 and their
cattle and everything for Pharaoh. And the years of the famine were
accomplished, and Joseph gave to the people in the land seed and food that they
might sow (the land) in the eighth
10 year, for the river had overflowed all
the land of Egypt. For in the seven years of the famine it had (not) overflowed
and had irrigated only a few places on the banks of the river, but now it
overflowed
11 and the Egyptians sowed the land, and it bore much corn that
year. And this was the first year of [2178 A.M.]
13 the land of Egypt
until this day. And Israel lived in the land of Egypt seventeen years, and all
the days which he lived were three jubilees, one hundred and forty-seven years,
and he died in the fourth [2188 A.M.]
15 the land.
And he slept with his fathers, and he was buried in the double cave in the land
of Canaan, near Abraham his father in the grave which he dug for himself in the
double cave in
16 the land of Hebron. And he gave all his books and the
books of his fathers to Levi his son that he might preserve them and renew them
for his children until this day.
1 And it came to pass that after Jacob died the children of Israel
multiplied in the land of Egypt, and they became a great nation, and they were
of one accord in heart, so that brother loved brother and every man helped his
brother, and they increased abundantly and multiplied exceedingly, ten [2242
A.M.]
3 of Israel all
the days of the life of Joseph. And Joseph died being a hundred and ten years
old; seventeen years he lived in the land of Canaan, and ten years he was a
servant, and three years in
4 prison, and eighty years he was under the
king, ruling all the land of Egypt. And he died and all
5 his brethren and
all that generation. And he commanded the children of Israel before he died that
6 they should carry his bones with them when they went forth from the land
of Egypt. And he made them swear regarding his bones, for he knew that the
Egyptians would not again bring forth and bury him in the land of Canaan, for
Makamaron, king of Canaan, while dwelling in the land of Assyria, fought in the
valley with the king of Egypt and slew him there, and pursued after the
7
Egyptians to the gates of 'Ermon. But he was not able to enter, for another, a
new king, had become king of Egypt, and he was stronger than he, and he returned
to the land of Canaan, and the gates of
8 Egypt were closed, and none went
out and none came into Egypt. And Joseph died in the forty-sixth jubilee, in the
sixth week, in the second year, and they buried him in the land of Egypt, and
[2242 A.M.]
10 field in the double cave in the mountain. And the most (of them)
returned to Egypt, but a few of
11 them remained in the mountains of Hebron,
and Amram thy father remained with them. And the
12 king of Canaan was
victorious over the king of Egypt, and he closed the gates of Egypt. And he
devised an evil device against the children of Israel of afflicting them and he
said unto the people of
13 Egypt: 'Behold the people of the children of
Israel have increased and multiplied more than we. Come and let us deal wisely
with them before they become too many, and let us afflict them with slavery
before war come upon us and before they too fight against us; else they will
join themselves unto our enemies and get them up out of our land, for their
hearts and faces are towards the land
14 of Canaan.' And he set over them
taskmasters to afflict them with slavery; and they built strong cities for
Pharaoh, Pithom, and Raamses and they built all the walls and all the
fortifications which
15 had fallen in the cities of Egypt. And they made
them serve with rigour, and the more they dealt evilly with them, the more they
increased and multiplied. And the people of Egypt abominated the children of
Israel
1 And in the seventh week, in the seventh year, in the forty-seventh
jubilee, thy father went forth [2303 A.M.] from the land of Canaan, and thou
wast born in the fourth week, in the sixth year thereof, in the [2330 A.M.]
3 born into the
river. And they cast them in for seven months until the day that thou wast born
4 And thy mother hid thee for three months, and they told regarding her. And
she made an ark for thee, and covered it with pitch and asphalt, and placed it
in the flags on the bank of the river, and she placed thee in it seven days, and
thy mother came by night and suckled thee, and by day
5 Miriam, thy sister,
guarded thee from the birds. And in those days Tharmuth, the daughter of
Pharaoh, came to bathe in the river, and she heard thy voice crying, and she
told her maidens to
6 bring thee forth, and they brought thee unto her. And
she took thee out of the ark, and she had
7 compassion on thee. And thy
sister said unto her: 'Shall I go and call unto thee one of the
8 Hebrew
women to nurse and suckle this babe for thee?' And she said (unto her): 'Go.'
And she
9 went and called thy mother Jochebed, and she gave her wages, and
she nursed thee. And afterwards, when thou wast grown up, they brought thee unto
the daughter of Pharaoh, and thou didst become her son, and Amram thy father
taught thee writing, and after thou hadst completed three weeks
10 they
brought thee into the royal court. And thou wast three weeks of years at court
until the time [2351-] when thou didst go forth from the royal court and didst
see an Egyptian smiting thy friend who was [2372 A.M.]
12 doing the wrong:
'Why dost thou smite thy brother?' And he was angry and indignant, and said:
'Who made thee a prince and a judge over us? Thinkest thou to kill me as thou
killedst the Egyptian yesterday?' And thou didst fear and flee on account of
these words.
1 And in the sixth year of the third week of the forty-ninth jubilee
thou didst depart and dwell (in [2372 A.M.] the land of Midian, five weeks and
one year. And thou didst return into Egypt in the second week
2 in the
second year in the fiftieth jubilee. And thou thyself knowest what He spake unto
thee on [2410 A.M.] Mount Sinai, and what prince Mastema desired to do with thee
when thou wast returning into Egypt
3
4 judgment and vengeance on the Egyptians? And I delivered thee out of his
hand, and thou didst perform the signs and wonders which thou wast sent to
perform in Egypt against Pharaoh, and
5 against all his house, and against
his servants and his people. And the Lord executed a great vengeance on them for
Israel's sake, and smote them through (the plagues of) blood and frogs, lice and
dog-flies, and malignant boils breaking forth in blains; and their cattle by
death; and by hail-stones, thereby He destroyed everything that grew for them;
and by locusts which devoured the residue which had been left by the hail, and
by darkness; and (by the death) of the first-born of
6 men and animals, and
on all their idols the Lord took vengeance and burned them with fire And
everything was sent through thy hand, that thou shouldst declare (these things)
before they were done, and thou didst speak with the king of Egypt before all
his servants and before his people
7 And everything took place according to
thy words; ten great and terrible judgments came on the
8 land of Egypt that
thou mightest execute vengeance on it for Israel. And the Lord did everything
for Israel's sake, and according to His covenant, which he had ordained with
Abraham that He
9 would take vengeance on them as they had brought them by
force into bondage. And the prince Mastema stood up against thee, and sought to
cast thee into the hands of Pharaoh, and he helped
10 the Egyptian
sorcerers, and they stood up and wrought before thee the evils indeed we
permitted
11 them to work, but the remedies we did not allow to be wrought
by their hands. And the Lord smote them with malignant ulcers, and they were not
able to stand, for we destroyed them so that
12 they could not perform a
single sign. And notwithstanding all (these) signs and wonders the prince
Mastema was not put to shame because he took courage and cried to the Egyptians
to pursue after thee with all the powers of the Egyptians, with their chariots,
and with their horses, and with all the
13 hosts of the peoples of Egypt.
And I stood between the Egyptians and Israel, and we delivered Israel out of his
hand, and out of the hand of his people, and the Lord brought them through the
14 midst of the sea as if it were dry land. And all the peoples whom he
brought to pursue after Israel, the Lord our God cast them into the midst of the
sea, into the depths of the abyss beneath the children of Israel, even as the
people of Egypt had cast their children into the river He took vengeance on
1,000,000 of them, and one thousand strong and energetic men were destroyed on
15 account of one suckling of the children of thy people which they had
thrown into the river. And on the fourteenth day and on the fifteenth and on the
sixteenth and on the seventeenth and on the eighteenth the prince Mastema was
bound and imprisoned behind the children of Israel that he
16 might not
accuse them. And on the nineteenth we let them loose that they might help the
17 Egyptians and pursue the children of Israel. And he hardened their hearts
and made them stubborn, and the device was devised by the Lord our God that He
might smite the Egyptians and
18 cast them into the sea. And on the
fourteenth we bound him that he might not accuse the children of Israel on the
day when they asked the Egyptians for vessels and garments, vessels of silver,
and vessels of gold, and vessels of bronze, in order to despoil the Egyptians in
return for the bondage in
19 which they had forced them to serve. And we did
not lead forth the children of Israel from Egypt empty handed.
1 Remember the commandment which the Lord commanded thee concerning the
passover, that thou shouldst celebrate it in its season on the fourteenth of the
first month, that thou shouldst kill it before it is evening, and that they
should eat it by night on the evening of the fifteenth from the
2 time of
the setting of the sun. For on this night -the beginning of the festival and the
beginning of the joy- ye were eating the passover in Egypt, when all the powers
of Mastema had been let loose to slay all the first-born in the land of Egypt,
from the first-born of Pharaoh to the first-born
3 of the captive
maid-servant in the mill, and to the cattle. And this is the sign which the Lord
gave them: Into every house on the lintels of which they saw the blood of a lamb
of the first year, into (that) house they should not enter to slay, but should
pass by (it), that all those should be saved that
4 were in the house
because the sign of the blood was on its lintels. And the powers of the Lord did
everything according as the Lord commanded them, and they passed by all the
children of Israel, and the plague came not upon them to destroy from amongst
them any soul either of cattle, or
5 man, or dog. And the plague was very
grievous in Egypt, and there was no house in Egypt
6 where there was not one
dead, and weeping and lamentation. And all Israel was eating the flesh of the
paschal lamb, and drinking the wine, and was lauding, and blessing, and giving
thanks to the Lord God of their fathers, and was ready to go forth from under
the yoke of Egypt, and from
7 the evil bondage. And remember thou this day
all the days of thy life, and observe it from year to year all the days of thy
life, once a year, on its day, according to all the law thereof, and do not
8 adjourn (it) from day to day, or from month to month. For it is an eternal
ordinance, and engraven on the heavenly tablets regarding all the children of
Israel that they should observe it every year on its day once a year, throughout
all their generations; and there is no limit of days, for this is ordained
9
for ever. And the man who is free from uncleanness, and does not come to observe
it on occasion of its day, so as to bring an acceptable offering before the
Lord, and to eat and to drink before the Lord on the day of its festival, that
man who is clean and close at hand shall be cut off: because he offered not the
oblation of the Lord in its appointed season, he shall take the guilt upon
himself.
10 Let the children of Israel come and observe the passover on the
day of its fixed time, on the fourteenth day of the first month, between the
evenings, from the third part of the day to the third part of
1 the night,
for two portions of the day are given to the light, and a third part to the
evening. This
12 is that which the Lord commanded thee that thou shouldst
observe it between the evenings. And it is not permissible to slay it during any
period of the light, but during the period bordering on the evening, and let
them eat it at the time of the evening, until the third part of the night, and
whatever is left over of all its flesh from the third part of the night and
onwards, let them burn
13 it with fire. And they shall not cook it with
water, nor shall they eat it raw, but roast on the fire: they shall eat it with
diligence, its head with the inwards thereof and its feet they shall roast with
fire, and not break any bone thereof; for of the children of Israel no bone
shall be crushed.
14 For this reason the Lord commanded the children of
Israel to observe the passover on the day of its fixed time, and they shall not
break a bone thereof; for it is a festival day, and a day commanded, and there
may be no passing over from day to day, and month to month, but on the day of
its
15 festival let it be observed. And do thou command the children of
Israel to observe the passover throughout their days, every year, once a year on
the day of its fixed time, and it shall come for a memorial well pleasing before
the Lord, and no plague shall come upon them to slay or to smite in that year in
which they celebrate the passover in its season in every respect according to
His
16 command. And they shall not eat it outside the sanctuary of the Lord,
but before the sanctuary of the Lord, and all the people of the congregation of
Israel shall celebrate it in its appointed season.
17 And every man who has
come upon its day shall eat it in the sanctuary of your God before the Lord from
twenty years old and upward; for thus is it written and ordained that they
should eat it
18 in the sanctuary of the Lord. And when the children of
Israel come into the land which they are to possess, into the land of Canaan,
and set up the tabernacle of the Lord in the midst of the land in one of their
tribes until the sanctuary of the Lord has been built in the land, let them come
and celebrate the passover in the midst of the tabernacle of the Lord, and let
them slay it
19 before the Lord from year to year. And in the days when the
house has been built in the name of the Lord in the land of their inheritance,
they shall go there and slay the passover in the evening, at
20 sunset, at
the third part of the day. And they shall offer its blood on the threshold of
the altar, and shall place its fat on the fire which is upon the altar, and they
shall eat its flesh roasted
21 with fire in the court of the house which has
been sanctified in the name of the Lord. And they may not celebrate the passover
in their cities, nor in any place save before the tabernacle of the Lord, or
before His house where His name hath dwelt; and they shall not go astray from
the Lord.
22 And do thou, Moses, command the children of Israel to observe
the ordinances of the passover, as it was commanded unto thee; declare thou unto
them every year and the day of its days, and the festival of unleavened bread,
that they should eat unleavened bread seven days, (and) that they should observe
its festival, and that they bring an oblation every day during those seven days
of
23 joy before the Lord on the altar of your God. For ye celebrated this
festival with haste when ye went forth from Egypt till ye entered into the
wilderness of Shur; for on the shore of the sea ye completed it.
1 And after this law I made known to thee the days of the Sabbaths in
the desert of Sin[ai], which
2 is between Elim and Sinai. And I told thee of
the Sabbaths of the land on Mount Sinai, and I told thee of the jubilee years in
the sabbaths of years: but the year thereof have I not told thee till ye
3
enter the land which ye are to possess. And the land also shall keep its
sabbaths while they dwell
4 upon it, and they shall know the jubilee year.
Wherefore I have ordained for thee the year-weeks and the years and the
jubilees: there are forty-nine jubilees from the days of Adam until this day,
[2410 A.M.] and one week and two years: and there are yet forty years to come
(lit. 'distant') for learning the [2450 A.M.] commandments of the Lord, until
they pass over into the land of Canaan, crossing the Jordan to the
5 west.
And the jubilees shall pass by, until Israel is cleansed from all guilt of
fornication, and uncleanness, and pollution, and sin, and error, and dwells with
confidence in all the land, and there shall be no more a Satan or any evil one,
and the land shall be clean from that time for evermore.
6 And behold the
commandment regarding the Sabbaths -I have written (them) down for thee-
7
and all the judgments of its laws. Six days shalt thou labour, but on the
seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord your God. In it ye shall do no manner of
work, ye and your sons, and your men-
8 servants and your maid-servants, and
all your cattle and the sojourner also who is with you. And the man that does
any work on it shall die: whoever desecrates that day, whoever lies with (his)
wife, or whoever says he will do something on it, that he will set out on a
journey thereon in regard to any buying or selling: and whoever draws water
thereon which he had not prepared for himself on the sixth day, and whoever
takes up any burden to carry it out of his tent or out of his house
9 shall
die. Ye shall do no work whatever on the Sabbath day save what ye have prepared
for yourselves on the sixth day, so as to eat, and drink, and rest, and keep
Sabbath from all work on that day, and to bless the Lord your God, who has given
you a day of festival and a holy day: and
10 a day of the holy kingdom for
all Israel is this day among their days for ever. For great is the honour which
the Lord has given to Israel that they should eat and drink and be satisfied on
this festival day, and rest thereon from all labour which belongs to the labour
of the children of men save burning frankincense and bringing oblations and
sacrifices before the Lord for days and for
11 Sabbaths. This work alone
shall be done on the Sabbath-days in the sanctuary of the Lord your God; that
they may atone for Israel with sacrifice continually from day to day for a
memorial well-pleasing before the Lord, and that He may receive them always from
day to day according as thou
12 hast been commanded. And every man who does
any work thereon, or goes a journey, or tills (his) farm, whether in his house
or any other place, and whoever lights a fire, or rides on any beast, or travels
by ship on the sea, and whoever strikes or kills anything, or slaughters a beast
or a bird, or
13 whoever catches an animal or a bird or a fish, or whoever
fasts or makes war on the Sabbaths: The man who does any of these things on the
Sabbath shall die, so that the children of Israel shall observe the Sabbaths
according to the commandments regarding the Sabbaths of the land, as it is
written in the tablets, which He gave into my hands that I should write out for
thee the laws of the seasons, and the seasons according to the division of their
days.
Scanned and Edited by
Joshua Williams
Northwest
Nazarene College
